EnglishNovels and Films英文小说与电影吴方敏陈晨 （编）-
1 English Novels and Films 英文小说与电影 吴方敏 陈晨（编）
ContentsEnglish Literature.2Unit1Gulliver'sTravelsdUnit 2 Pride and Prejud ice12Unit3OliverTwist..15Unit4JaneEyre.18Unit 5 Wuthering Heights.Unit 6 Tess of the d'Urbervilles..21American Literature29Unit 1 The Color Purple..30Unit2DeadPoetsSocietyUnit 3 The Joy Luck Club....31..35Unit4ForrestGump36Unit5TheKiteRunner附录.392
2 Contents English Literature Unit 1 Gulliver’s Travels.2 Unit 2 Pride and Prejudice.8 Unit 3 Oliver Twist.12 Unit 4 Jane Eyre.15 Unit 5 Wuthering Heights.18 Unit 6 Tess of the d’Urbervilles.21 American Literature Unit 1 The Color Purple.29 Unit 2 Dead Poets Society.30 Unit 3 The Joy Luck Club.31 Unit 4 Forrest Gump.35 Unit 5 The Kite Runner .36 附录.39
英国文学部分Gulliver's TravelsI.IntroductionGulliver'sTravels(1726,amended1735)writtenby Irishwriterandclergyman Jonathan Swift, that is both a satire on human nature and a parody of thetravellers' tales" literary subgenre. It is Swift's best known full-length work, and aclassicofEnglishliterature.The book became popular as soon as it was published. John Gay wrote in a 1726letterto Swift that It is universally read,from thecabinetcouncilto thenursery." Since then, it has never been out of print.I.PlotsummeryPart 1: A Voyage to LilliputThe book begins with a short preamble in which Lemuel Gulliver, in the literarystyle of the time, gives a brief outline of his life and history before his voyages. Heenjoys travelling, although it is that love of travel that is his downfall. During his firstvoyage, Gulliver is washed ashore after a shipwreck and finds himself a prisoner of arace of tiny people, less than 6 inches tall, who are inhabitants of the island countryof Lilliput. After giving assurances of his good behaviour, he is given a residence inLilliputand becomesafavouriteofthecourt.Fromthere,thebookfollowsGulliver'sobservations on the Court of Lilliput. He is also given the permission to go around thecity on a condition that he must not harm their subjects.Part2:AVoyagetoBrobdingnagWhen the sailing ship Adventure is blown off course by storms and forced to sailforland in search offreshwater,Gulliveris abandonedbyhis companionsandfoundby a farmer who is 72 feet (22 m) tall (the scale of Brobdingnag is about 12:1,compared to Lilliput's 1:12, judging from Gulliver estimating a man's step being 10yards (9.1m)).He brings Gulliverhome and his daughter caresfor Gulliver.Thefarmertreatshimasa curiosityand exhibitshimformoney.Aftera whiletheconstantshowsmakeLemuel sick, andthefarmer sellshimtothequeenof therealm.Thefarmer'sdaughter(who accompaniedherfather while exhibitingGulliver)istakeninto the queen's service to take care of the tinyman.Since Gulliver is too small tousetheirhuge chairs, beds,knives and forks, the queen commissions a small house to bebuilt for him so that he can be carried around in it; this is referred to as his travellingbox. Between small adventures such as fighting giant wasps and being carried to theroofbyamonkey.hediscussesthestateofEuropewiththeKing.TheKingisnothappywithGulliver's accountsof Europe,especiallyupon learning oftheuse of gunsand cannons. On a trip to the seaside, his travelling box is seized by a giant eaglewhichdrops Gulliverandhis boxintothe sea, wherehe is picked upby some sailors,who return him to England. This book compares the truly moral man to therepresentative man; the latter is clearly shown to be the lesser of the two. Swift, beinginAnglicanholyorders,waskeentomakesuchcomparisonsPart3:AVoyagetoLaputa3
3 英国文学部分 Gulliver’s Travels Ⅰ.Introduction Gulliver’s Travels (1726, amended 1735) written by Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift, that is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the “travellers’ tales” literary subgenre. It is Swift’s best known full-length work, and a classic of English literature. The book became popular as soon as it was published. John Gay wrote in a 1726 letter to Swift that “It is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery.” Since then, it has never been out of print. Ⅱ.Plot summery Part 1: A Voyage to Lilliput The book begins with a short preamble in which Lemuel Gulliver, in the literary style of the time, gives a brief outline of his life and history before his voyages. He enjoys travelling, although it is that love of travel that is his downfall. During his first voyage, Gulliver is washed ashore after a shipwreck and finds himself a prisoner of a race of tiny people, less than 6 inches tall, who are inhabitants of the island country of Lilliput. After giving assurances of his good behaviour, he is given a residence in Lilliput and becomes a favourite of the court. From there, the book follows Gulliver’s observations on the Court of Lilliput. He is also given the permission to go around the city on a condition that he must not harm their subjects. Part 2: A Voyage to Brobdingnag When the sailing ship Adventure is blown off course by storms and forced to sail for land in search of fresh water, Gulliver is abandoned by his companions and found by a farmer who is 72 feet (22 m) tall (the scale of Brobdingnag is about 12:1, compared to Lilliput's 1:12, judging from Gulliver estimating a man’s step being 10 yards (9.1 m)). He brings Gulliver home and his daughter cares for Gulliver. The farmer treats him as a curiosity and exhibits him for money. After a while the constant shows make Lemuel sick, and the farmer sells him to the queen of the realm. The farmer’s daughter (who accompanied her father while exhibiting Gulliver) is taken into the queen’s service to take care of the tiny man. Since Gulliver is too small to use their huge chairs, beds, knives and forks, the queen commissions a small house to be built for him so that he can be carried around in it; this is referred to as his ‘travelling box’. Between small adventures such as fighting giant wasps and being carried to the roof by a monkey, he discusses the state of Europe with the King. The King is not happy with Gulliver’s accounts of Europe, especially upon learning of the use of guns and cannons. On a trip to the seaside, his travelling box is seized by a giant eagle which drops Gulliver and his box into the sea, where he is picked up by some sailors, who return him to England. This book compares the truly moral man to the representative man; the latter is clearly shown to be the lesser of the two. Swift, being in Anglican holy orders, was keen to make such comparisons. Part 3: A Voyage to Laputa
After Gulliver's ship was attacked by pirates, he is marooned close to a desolaterocky island near India. Fortunately, he is rescued by the flying island of Laputa, akingdomdevotedtotheartsofmusicandmathematicsbutunabletousethemforpractical ends. Laputa's custom of throwing rocks down at rebellious cities on theground prefigures air strikes as a method of warfare. Gulliver tours Balnibarbi, thekingdom ruled from Laputa, as the guest of a low-ranking courtier and sees the ruinbrought about by the blind pursuit of science without practical results, in a satire onbureaucracy and ontheRoyal Societyand itsexperiments.AttheGrand Academyof Lagado, great resources and manpower are employed on researching completelypreposterous schemes such as extracting sunbeams from cucumbers, softening marblefor use in pillows, learning how to mix paint by smell, and uncovering politicalconspiracies by examining the excrement of suspicious persons (see muckraking).Gulliver isthentakentoMaldonada.themainport.to awaitatraderwhocantakehimon to Japan. While waiting for a passage, Gulliver takes a short side-trip to the islandof Glubbdubdrib, where he visits a magician's dwelling and discusses history with theghosts of historical figures, the most obvious restatement of the “ancients versusmoderns"theme in the book.Part 4:AVoyage to the Country of the HouyhnhnmsDespitehisearlier intentionofremainingathome,Gulliverreturnstotheseaasthe captain of a merchantman as he is bored with his employment as a surgeon. Onthis voyageheisforced to find new additionstohis crew,whomhebelievesto haveturned therest of the crew against him.His crewthenmutiny,and afterkeepinghimcontained for some time resolve to leave him on the first piece of land they comeacross and continue as pirates.He is abandoned in a landing boat and comes upon arace of hideous. deformed and savage humanoid creatures to which he conceives aviolent antipathy. Shortly afterwards he meets the Houyhnhnms, a race of talkinghorses.They aretherulers,whilethedeformed creaturescalledYahoosarehumanbeings in their base form. Gulliver becomes a member of a horse's household,andcomestobothadmireandemulatetheHouyhnhnms andtheirlifestyle,rejectinghisfellowhumansasmerelyYahoosendowed withsomesemblanceof reasonwhichthey only use to exacerbate and add to the vices Nature gave them. However, anAssemblyof theHouyhnhnms rules that Gulliver,a Yahoo with some semblanceofreason, is a danger to their civilisation, and expels him.He is then rescued,against hiswill, by a Portuguese ship, and is disgusted to see that Captain Pedro de Mendez, aYahoo, is a wise, courteous and generous person. He returns to his home in Englandbut he is unable to reconcile himself to living among Yahoos'and becomes a recluse,remaining in his house, largely avoiding his family and his wife, and spending severalhours a day speaking with the horses in his stables, in effect becoming insane. Thisbookusescoarsemetaphorsto describehumandepravity,andtheHouyhnhnmsaresymbolised as not only perfected nature but also the emotional barrenness whichSwift maintained that devotion to reason brought...Ⅱ.节选ChapterlMyfatherhadasmall estateinNottinghamshire:Iwasthethirdoffivesons.He4
4 After Gulliver’s ship was attacked by pirates, he is marooned close to a desolate rocky island near India. Fortunately, he is rescued by the flying island of Laputa, a kingdom devoted to the arts of music and mathematics but unable to use them for practical ends. Laputa’s custom of throwing rocks down at rebellious cities on the ground prefigures air strikes as a method of warfare. Gulliver tours Balnibarbi, the kingdom ruled from Laputa, as the guest of a low-ranking courtier and sees the ruin brought about by the blind pursuit of science without practical results, in a satire on bureaucracy and on the Royal Society and its experiments. At the Grand Academy of Lagado, great resources and manpower are employed on researching completely preposterous schemes such as extracting sunbeams from cucumbers, softening marble for use in pillows, learning how to mix paint by smell, and uncovering political conspiracies by examining the excrement of suspicious persons (see muckraking). Gulliver is then taken to Maldonada, the main port, to await a trader who can take him on to Japan. While waiting for a passage, Gulliver takes a short side-trip to the island of Glubbdubdrib, where he visits a magician's dwelling and discusses history with the ghosts of historical figures, the most obvious restatement of the “ancients versus moderns” theme in the book. Part 4: A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms Despite his earlier intention of remaining at home, Gulliver returns to the sea as the captain of a merchantman as he is bored with his employment as a surgeon. On this voyage he is forced to find new additions to his crew, whom he believes to have turned the rest of the crew against him. His crew then mutiny, and after keeping him contained for some time resolve to leave him on the first piece of land they come across and continue as pirates. He is abandoned in a landing boat and comes upon a race of hideous, deformed and savage humanoid creatures to which he conceives a violent antipathy. Shortly afterwards he meets the Houyhnhnms, a race of talking horses. They are the rulers, while the deformed creatures called Yahoos are human beings in their base form. Gulliver becomes a member of a horse’s household, and comes to both admire and emulate the Houyhnhnms and their lifestyle, rejecting his fellow humans as merely Yahoos endowed with some semblance of reason which they only use to exacerbate and add to the vices Nature gave them. However, an Assembly of the Houyhnhnms rules that Gulliver, a Yahoo with some semblance of reason, is a danger to their civilisation, and expels him. He is then rescued, against his will, by a Portuguese ship, and is disgusted to see that Captain Pedro de Mendez, a Yahoo, is a wise, courteous and generous person. He returns to his home in England, but he is unable to reconcile himself to living among ‘Yahoos’ and becomes a recluse, remaining in his house, largely avoiding his family and his wife, and spending several hours a day speaking with the horses in his stables; in effect becoming insane. This book uses coarse metaphors to describe human depravity, and the Houyhnhnms are symbolised as not only perfected nature but also the emotional barrenness which Swift maintained that devotion to reason brought. Ⅲ.节选 Chapter1 My father had a small estate in Nottinghamshire: I was the third of five sons. He
sent me to Emanuel College in Cambridge at fourteen years old, where I resided threeyears, and applied myself close to my studies; but the charge of maintaining me,althoughIhad avery scanty allowance,beingtoogreatforanarrowfortune,Iwasbound apprentice to Mr. James Bates, an eminent surgeon in London, with whom Icontinuedfouryears.Myfathernowandthensendingmesmall sumsofmoney,I laidthem out in learning navigation, and other parts of the mathematics, useful to thosewho intend totravel, asI always believed it would be, some time or other, my fortuneto do. When I left Mr.Bates, I went down to my father:where, by the assistance ofhim and my uncle John, and some other relations, I got forty pounds, and a promise ofthirty pounds a year to maintain me at Leyden: there I studied physic two years andseven months, knowing it would be useful in long voyages.Soon after my return from Leyden,I was recommended by my good master, Mr.Bates, to be surgeon to the Swallow, Captain Abraham Pannel, commander, withwhom I continued three years and a half, making a voyage or two into the Levant, andsome other parts.When I comebackIresolved to settle inLondon,to which Mr.Bates,mymaster,encouragedme,and byhimIwasrecommendedto several patients.I took part of a small house in the Old Jewry; and being advised to alter my condition.I married Mrs. Mary Burton, second daughter to Mr. Edmund Burton, hosier, inNewgate-street, with whom I received four hundred pounds fora portion.But my good master Bates dying in two years after, and I having few friends, mybusinessbegantofail,formy consciencewould notsuffermetoimitatethebadpractice of too many among my brethren.Having therefore consulted with my wife,and some of my acquaintance, I determined to go again to sea. I was surgeonsuccessively in two ships, and made several voyages, for six years, to the East andWest Indies, by which I got some addition to my fortune. My hours of leisure I spentin reading the best authors, ancient and modern,being always provided withagoodnumber of books; and when I was ashore, in observing the manners and dispositionsof the people, as well as learning their language; wherein I had a great facility, by thestrength of my memory.The last of these voyages not proving very fortunate, I grew weary of the sea,and intended to stay at homewith my wife and family.I removed from the Old Jewryto Fetter Lane, and from thence to Wapping, hoping to get business among the sailors;but it would not tun to account. After three years expectation that things would mend,I accepted anadvantageous offerfrom CaptainWilliamPrichard,master of theAntelope, who was making a voyage to the South Sea. We set sail from Bristol, May4, 1699, and our voyage was at first very prosperous.It would not be proper, for some reasons, to trouble the reader with theparticulars of our adventures in those seas; let it suffice to inform him, that in ourpassagefrom thenceto the East Indies,we were driven by a violent storm tothenorth-west of VanDiemen's Land.Byan observation,wefound ourselves in thelatitude of 30 degrees 2 minutes south. Twelve of our crew were dead by immoderatelabour and ill food;the rest were ina very weak condition.On theSth of November,whichwasthebeginningof summerinthoseparts,theweatherbeingveryhazy,theseamen spied a rock within half a cable's length of the ship; but the wind was soS
5 sent me to Emanuel College in Cambridge at fourteen years old, where I resided three years, and applied myself close to my studies; but the charge of maintaining me, although I had a very scanty allowance, being too great for a narrow fortune, I was bound apprentice to Mr. James Bates, an eminent surgeon in London, with whom I continued four years. My father now and then sending me small sums of money, I laid them out in learning navigation, and other parts of the mathematics, useful to those who intend to travel, as I always believed it would be, some time or other, my fortune to do. When I left Mr. Bates, I went down to my father: where, by the assistance of him and my uncle John, and some other relations, I got forty pounds, and a promise of thirty pounds a year to maintain me at Leyden: there I studied physic two years and seven months, knowing it would be useful in long voyages. Soon after my return from Leyden, I was recommended by my good master, Mr. Bates, to be surgeon to the Swallow, Captain Abraham Pannel, commander; with whom I continued three years and a half, making a voyage or two into the Levant, and some other parts. When I come back I resolved to settle in London; to which Mr. Bates, my master, encouraged me, and by him I was recommended to several patients. I took part of a small house in the Old Jewry; and being advised to alter my condition, I married Mrs. Mary Burton, second daughter to Mr. Edmund Burton, hosier, in Newgate-street, with whom I received four hundred pounds for a portion. But my good master Bates dying in two years after, and I having few friends, my business began to fail; for my conscience would not suffer me to imitate the bad practice of too many among my brethren. Having therefore consulted with my wife, and some of my acquaintance, I determined to go again to sea. I was surgeon successively in two ships, and made several voyages, for six years, to the East and West Indies, by which I got some addition to my fortune. My hours of leisure I spent in reading the best authors, ancient and modern, being always provided with a good number of books; and when I was ashore, in observing the manners and dispositions of the people, as well as learning their language; wherein I had a great facility, by the strength of my memory. The last of these voyages not proving very fortunate, I grew weary of the sea, and intended to stay at home with my wife and family. I removed from the Old Jewry to Fetter Lane, and from thence to Wapping, hoping to get business among the sailors; but it would not turn to account. After three years expectation that things would mend, I accepted an advantageous offer from Captain William Prichard, master of the Antelope, who was making a voyage to the South Sea. We set sail from Bristol, May 4, 1699, and our voyage was at first very prosperous. It would not be proper, for some reasons, to trouble the reader with the particulars of our adventures in those seas; let it suffice to inform him, that in our passage from thence to the East Indies, we were driven by a violent storm to the north-west of Van Diemen's Land. Byan observation, we found ourselves in the latitude of 30 degrees 2 minutes south. Twelve of our crew were dead by immoderate labour and ill food; the rest were in a very weak condition. On the 5th of November, which was the beginning of summer in those parts, the weather being very hazy, the seamen spied a rock within half a cable's length of the ship; but the wind was so