The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907 for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation Eduard Buchner Germany Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricul tural College) Berlin, Germany 1860-1917
The nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929 for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enz ymes Presentation Speech Sir Arthur Harden Great Britain London University London Great Britain 1865-1940 Hans von Euler-Chelpin Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden 1873-1 Biography am
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922 Presentation Speech for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscLe Sir Archibald Vivian Hill Great Britain London University London, Great Britain 1977 Biography for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle Otto Fritz Meyerhof Kiel University Kiel, Germany 1884 Biography
2. The overall glycolytic pathway can be divided into two phases The hexose is first phophorylated(thus activated) and then cleaved to produce two three-carbon intermediates at the preparatory phase, consuming atP The three-carbon intermediates are then oxidized during the payoff phase, generating ATP and Nadh All intermediates are phosphorylated(as esters or anhydrides with six(derivatives of Glucose or Fructose)or three carbons( derivatives of dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde, glycerate,or pyruvate)
2. The overall glycolytic pathway can be divided into two phases • The hexose is first phophorylated (thus activated) and then cleaved to produce two three-carbon intermediates at the preparatory phase, consuming ATP. • The three-carbon intermediates are then oxidized during the payoff phase, generating ATP and NADH. • All intermediates are phosphorylated (as esters or anhydrides) with six (derivatives of Glucose or Fructose) or three carbons (derivatives of dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde, glycerate, or pyruvate)
Six types of reactions occur: group transfer (kinase), isomerization(isomerase), aldol cleavage (aldolase), dehydrogenation( dehydrogenase) group shift(mutase), dehydration(dehydratase or enolase Ten steps of reactions are involved in the pathway. Only a small fraction( 5%)of the potential energy of the glucose molecule is released and much still remain in the final product of glycolysis, pyruvate All the enzymes are found in the cytosol(pyruvate will enter mitochondria for further oxidation)
• Six types of reactions occur: group transfer (kinase), isomerization (isomerase), aldol cleavage (aldolase), dehydrogenation (dehydrogenase), group shift (mutase), dehydration (dehydratase or enolase). • Ten steps of reactions are involved in the pathway. • Only a small fraction (~5%) of the potential energy of the glucose molecule is released and much still remain in the final product of glycolysis, pyruvate. • All the enzymes are found in the cytosol (pyruvate will enter mitochondria for further oxidation)