4)Two types of da receptors on MSN: D, and D2-R D1-R: enhance direct pathway→Gipi(苍白球内侧部) D2R: inhibit indirect pathway→GPe(苍白球外侧部
4) Two types of DA receptors on MSN: D1 and D2 -R D1 -R : enhance direct pathway → Gpi (苍白球内侧部) D2 -R : inhibit indirect pathway → GPe (苍白球外侧部) 6
3. Circuit related with Basal ganglia's function in control of movement Cortex Cortex“ Cortex Glutamate Glutamate Glutamate Glutamate Glutamate GABA GABA GABA GABA GABAGABA SP and SP and SP and ENK DYN ENK DYN ENK Thalamus Thalamus Thalamus Dopamine opamine Dopamine GABA GABA GABA GABA GABA No GABA = GPvGABA GPVGABA GABA SNr GABA Glutamate GABA Glutamate GABA Glutamate STN Fig. 10. 1 Functional organization of the basal ganglia. The diagrams illustrate the functional organization of the basal ganglia circuits (A)under normal conditions; ( B)in Parkinsons disease; and (C)in Huntingtons disease. Broken lines indicate pathways that are hypoactive, and thick lines indicate pathways that are hyperactive DYN, dynorphins; ENK, enkephalins; GABA, -aminobutyric acid; GPe, external globus pallidum; GPi, internal globus pallidum: SNc, substantia nigra compacta; SNr, substantia nigra reticulata: SP, substance P: STN, subthalamic nucleus
7 3. Circuit related with Basal ganglia’s function in control of movement
1) direct pathway(直接通路:当新纹状体活动↑→皮层运 动前区活动↑ 2) indirect pathway(间接通路):当新纹状体活动个→皮层运 动前区活动。此通路部分抵消直接通路对皮层的兴奋作用 3) Substantia nigra- Neostriatum pathway黑质新纹状 体通路):此通路对上述两通路起调控作用 DA通过D受体增强直接通路,通过D2受体抑制间接通路
8 1) direct pathway (直接通路): 当新纹状体活动↑→皮层运 动前区活动↑ 2) indirect pathway (间接通路): 当新纹状体活动↑→皮层运 动前区活动↓。此通路部分抵消直接通路对皮层的兴奋作用 3) Substantia nigra-Neostriatum pathway(黑质-新 纹状 体通路): 此通路对上述两通路起调控作用 DA通过D1受体增强直接通路，通过D2受体抑制间接通路
4. Diseases related with dysfunction of basal ganglia Huntingtons disease( chorea) >运动过多,肌张力降低 a Parkinson disease >运动减少,肌张力增高
9 4. Diseases related with dysfunction of Basal ganglia ▪ Huntington’s disease (Chorea) ➢运动过多，肌张力降低 ▪ Parkinson disease ➢运动减少，肌张力增高
Cortical oscillatory inputs Glutamatergic Direct neurons from pathway afferents Cholinergic to GPe interneuron GPL SNr GLUL GABA ACh Striatonigral medium spiny Striatopallidal neuron medium spiny neuron GA A Indirect DA Dopaminergic pathway neurons from to GPe SN 10
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