细胞科学 蔡国平
细胞科学 Cell Science (1.2) 蔡国平
86 The movement of substances across cell membranes The plasma membrane has a dual responsibility as a selectively permeable barrier and transductor. The plasma membrane regulares the traffic of molecules into and out of the cell. Gases and small hydrophobic molecules by passive diffusion transport; Ions, sugars, amino acids, and sometimes water must be transported by a group of integral membrane proteins including channels, transporter and energy-powered on or molecule pumps
§6 The movement of substances across cell membranes The plasma membrane has a dual responsibility as a selectively permeable barrier and transductor. The plasma membrane regulares the traffic of molecules into and out of the cell. Gases and small hydrophobic molecules by passive diffusion transport; Ions, sugars, amino acids, and sometimes water must be transported by a group of integral membrane proteins including channels, transporter, and energy-powered ion or molecule pumps
水溶液 细胞质 细胞核 核仁 内质网 高尔基复合体 配体三会 能量转换 体 叶绿体 dNa CATP) ADP+Pi 双层脂膜 脂质体 脂双层 水溶液水溶液
The energetics of solute movement and diffusion of substances through membrane Determinants chemical concentration gradient( non-electrolyte) ICil △G=2.303 RT logo- △G<0 C electrochemical gradient( electrolyte) [Cil △G=RTln +zF△E △G<0 Col
1) The energetics of solute movement and diffusion of substances through membrane Determinants : chemical concentration gradient( non-electrolyte) [Ci ] G = 2.303 RT log10 ------- G < 0 [Co ] electrochemical gradient ( electrolyte) [Ci] G = RT ln ----- + zF Em G < 0 [Co]
Diffusion of solutes 按照Fick扩散第一定律,不带电荷的溶质分子n在单位时间通 过单位面积的量,即纯扩散 速率[ net flux,φ(t)]由该分子的脂溶性和浓度梯度所决定 9 d(=P,c: ()-c(] D K 其中 P为渗透系数( permeability coefficient),q)和Cn)分别为膜外 侧和膜内侧的浓度(或活 度),D为扩散系数,K为溶质n的脂水分配系数( partition cofficient),d为膜厚度。对于某一特定的膜,溶质的渗透力系数Pn 与溶质在非极性溶剂与水间的分配系数K成正比,其脂溶性越 大,膜渗透力就越大。决定溶质n的膜渗透系数P的另一个因素 是其扩散系数Dn,后者依赖于RT(它可作为分子动能的度量) 溶质间相互作用、以及依赖于分子的大小和形状(它们将影响摩 擦系数),因此,非电解质透过人工膜或生物膜有明显的温度 依赖关系,而且溶质分子越大,透过生物膜受的阻力越大,通透 性越小
Diffusion of solutes 按照Fick扩散第一定律,不带电荷的溶质分子n在单位时间通 过单位面积的量,即纯扩散 速率[net flux, d n (t)] 由该分子的脂溶性和浓度梯度所决定: (t)= P C (t ) −C (t ) 其中 Pn = d Dn Kn Pn为渗透系数(permeability coefficient),( 0 Cn ) 和 ( i Cn )分别为膜外 侧和膜内侧的浓度(或活 度),Dn为扩散系数,Kn为溶质n的脂水分配系数(partition cofficient),d为膜厚度。对于某一特定的膜,溶质的渗透力系数Pn 与溶质在非极性溶剂与水间的分配系数Kn成正比,其脂溶性越 大,膜渗透力就越大。决定溶质n的膜渗透系数Pn的另一个因素 是其扩散系数Dn,后者依赖于RT(它可作为分子动能的度量)、 溶质间相互作用、以及依赖于分子的大小和形状(它们将影响摩 擦系数), 因此,非电解质透过人工膜或生物膜有明显的温度 依赖关系,而且溶质分子越大,透过生物膜受的阻力越大,通透 性越小