Table of contents Contributors VIII Acknowledgements IX Foreword XI Leonard Talmy Introduction:The many faces of research in Cognitive Linguistics XXII The Editors I.Methods and motivations Why cognitive linguists should care more about empirical methods 2 Raymond W.Gibbs,Jr. They actually said that?An introduction to working with usage data through discourse and corpus analysis 9 Irene Mittelberg,Thomas A.Farmer and Linda R.Waugh An introduction to experimental methods for language researchers 53 Monica Gonzalez-Marquez,Raymond B.Becker and James E.Cutting Inferential statistics in the context of empirical cognitive linguistics 87 Rafael Nunez II.Corpus and discourse analysis Multiple empirical approaches to a complex analysis of discourse 120 Linda R.Waugh,Bonnie Fonseca-Greber,Caroline Vickers and Betil Eroz A case for a cognitive corpus linguistics 149 Stefan Grondelaers,Dirk Geeraerts and Dirk Speelman III.Sign language and gesture Empirical methods in signed language research 171 Sherman Wilcox and Jill P.Morford Looking at space to study mental spaces:Co-speech gesture as a crucial data source in cognitive linguistics 201 Eve Sweetser
JB[v.20020404] Prn:13/04/2007; 13:32 F: HCP18CO.tex / p.1 (47-107) Table of contents Contributors viii Acknowledgements ix Foreword xi Leonard Talmy Introduction: The many faces of research in Cognitive Linguistics xxii The Editors I. Methods and motivations Why cognitive linguists should care more about empirical methods 2 Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. They actually said that? An introduction to working with usage data through discourse and corpus analysis 19 Irene Mittelberg, Thomas A. Farmer and Linda R. Waugh An introduction to experimental methods for language researchers 53 Monica Gonzalez-Marquez, Raymond B. Becker and James E. Cutting Inferential statistics in the context of empirical cognitive linguistics 87 Rafael Núñez II. Corpus and discourse analysis Multiple empirical approaches to a complex analysis of discourse 120 Linda R. Waugh, Bonnie Fonseca-Greber, Caroline Vickers and Betil Eröz A case for a cognitive corpus linguistics 149 Stefan Grondelaers, Dirk Geeraerts and Dirk Speelman III. Sign language and gesture Empirical methods in signed language research 171 Sherman Wilcox and Jill P. Morford Looking at space to study mental spaces: Co-speech gesture as a crucial data source in cognitive linguistics 201 Eve Sweetser
Table of contents Methodology for multimodality:One way of working with speech and gesture data 225 Irene Mittelberg IV.Behavioral research Experimental methods for studying language and space 250 Laura A.Carlson and Patrick L.Hill Experimental methods for simulation semantics 277 Benjamin Bergen Experimental methods for studying the mental representation of language 302 Uri Hasson and Rachel Giora Eye movements in language and cognition:A brief introduction 323 Daniel C.Richardson,Rick Dale and Michael J.Spivey Speaking for the wordless:Methods for studying the foundations of cognitive linguistics in infants 345 Amanda Brandone,Roberta Michnick Golinkoff,Rachel Pulverman,Mandy J.Maguire,Kathy Hirsh-Pasek,and Shannon M.Pruden Experimental study of first and second language morphological processing 367 Kira Gor V.Neural approaches Electrifying results:ERP data and cognitive linguistics 400 Seana Coulson Bridging language with the rest of cognition:Computational,algorithmic and neurobiological issues and methods 424 Shimon Edelman Index 446
JB[v.20020404] Prn:13/04/2007; 13:32 F: HCP18CO.tex / p.2 (107-147) Table of contents Methodology for multimodality: One way of working with speech and gesture data 225 Irene Mittelberg IV. Behavioral research Experimental methods for studying language and space 250 Laura A. Carlson and Patrick L. Hill Experimental methods for simulation semantics 277 Benjamin Bergen Experimental methods for studying the mental representation of language 302 Uri Hasson and Rachel Giora Eye movements in language and cognition: A brief introduction 323 Daniel C. Richardson, Rick Dale and Michael J. Spivey Speaking for the wordless: Methods for studying the foundations of cognitive linguistics in infants 345 Amanda Brandone, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Rachel Pulverman, Mandy J. Maguire, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, and Shannon M. Pruden Experimental study of first and second language morphological processing 367 Kira Gor V. Neural approaches Electrifying results: ERP data and cognitive linguistics 400 Seana Coulson Bridging language with the rest of cognition: Computational, algorithmic and neurobiological issues and methods 424 Shimon Edelman Index 446
Contributors Leonard Talmy Eve Sweetser State University of New York,Buffalo University of California,Berkeley Raymond Gibbs Laura Carlson University of California,Santa Cruz University of Notre Dame Irene Mittelberg Patrick L.Hill European University Viadrina University of Notre Dame Thomas Farmer Ben Bergen Cornell University University of Hawai'i,Manoa Linda R.Waugh Uri Hasson University of Arizona The University of Chicago Monica Gonzalez-Marquez Rachel Giora Cornell University Tel Aviv University Daniel C.Richardson Raymond B.Becker University of Reading University of California,Merced Rick Dale James Cutting University of Memphis Cornell University Michael Spivey Rafael Nunez Cornell University University of California,San Diego University of California,Merced Bonnie Fonseca-Greber Amanda Brandone Bowling Green State University University of Michigan Caroline Vickers Roberta Michnick Golinkoff California State University University of Delaware San Bernardino Rachel Pulverman Betil Eroz University of Michigan Middle East Technical University Mandy J.Maguire Stefan Grondelaers University of Texas at Dallas Universite Libre de Bruxelles Kathy Hirsh-Pasek Radboud University Nijmeyen Temple University Dirk Geeraerts Shannon M.Pruden University of Leuven Temple University Dirk Speelman Kira Gor University of Leuven University of Maryland Sherman Wilcox Seana Coulson University of New Mexico University of California,San Diego Jill Morford Shimon Edelman University of New Mexico Cornell University
JB[v.20020404] Prn:12/04/2007; 9:36 F: HCP18CON.tex / p.1 (47-330) Contributors Leonard Talmy State University of New York, Buffalo Raymond Gibbs University of California, Santa Cruz Irene Mittelberg European University Viadrina Thomas Farmer Cornell University Linda R. Waugh University of Arizona Mónica González-Márquez Cornell University Raymond B. Becker University of California, Merced James Cutting Cornell University Rafael Núñez University of California, San Diego Bonnie Fonseca-Greber Bowling Green State University Caroline Vickers California State University San Bernardino Betil Eröz Middle East Technical University Stefan Grondelaers Université Libre de Bruxelles & Radboud University Nijmeyen Dirk Geeraerts University of Leuven Dirk Speelman University of Leuven Sherman Wilcox University of New Mexico Jill Morford University of New Mexico Eve Sweetser University of California, Berkeley Laura Carlson University of Notre Dame Patrick L. Hill University of Notre Dame Ben Bergen University of Hawai’i, Manoa Uri Hasson The University of Chicago Rachel Giora Tel Aviv University Daniel C. Richardson University of Reading Rick Dale University of Memphis Michael Spivey Cornell University & University of California, Merced Amanda Brandone University of Michigan Roberta Michnick Golinkoff University of Delaware Rachel Pulverman University of Michigan Mandy J. Maguire University of Texas at Dallas Kathy Hirsh-Pasek Temple University Shannon M. Pruden Temple University Kira Gor University of Maryland Seana Coulson University of California, San Diego Shimon Edelman Cornell University
Acknowledgements Putting together a book like this requires inspiration,patience and lots of help!First of all,we want to thank all of the contributors to this volume.Writing pedagogical mate- rial is,without a doubt,one of the most challenging tasks in our profession.How does one explain clearly to a neonate in the field what has become common sense to us as researchers?Not an easy question to answer,yet one to which all of our authors have responded admirably. The foundation for this volume came from the energy of all of the participants of the first Empirical Methods in Cognitive Linguistics(EMCL)workshop,held at Cornell University,NY,2003.A warm thank you to you all.The faculty presenters were:Leonard Talmy,Tatiana Chernigovskaya,Seana Coulson,Shimon Edelman,Raymond Gibbs, Kira Gor,Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk,Scott Liddell,Teenie Matlock,Wolfgang Settekorn,Lera Boroditsky,Chris Sinha,Michael Spivey,and Eve Sweetser.The faculty participants were:Ben Bergen,Claire Cardie,Marianella Casasola,Roberta Golinkoff, Jeff Hancock,Naomi Khoda,Ed Kako,Suzanne Kemmer,Andrej Kibrik,Ken McRae, Rafael Nunez,Yasuhiro Shirai,Guy Van Orden,Morten Christiansen,Herb Colston,James Cutting,and Joerg Zinken.The student participants were:Carey Benon,Michele Bishop, Sean Flanagan,Uri Hasson,Daniel Richardson,David Havas,Michael Klieman,Chris Koops,Sarah Kriz,Kristin Mulrooney,Andriy M'yachykov,Shweta Narayan,Florencia Re- ali,Fey Parril,Rachel Pulverman,Sebastian Ross-Hagebaum,Monica Sanaphre,Nathaniel Smith,Bob Williams,Ying Choon Wu,Reka Beneczes,Vito Evola,Maurizio Gagliano, Olga Khomitsevich,Daniel Kislyuk,Sarah Lee,Vera Malioushenkova,Bo Pederson, Sophia Skoufaki,Cristina Soriano,Tatiana Svistounova,Sylvia Tufvesson,Eric Breck and Stanka Fitneva. For financial support we want to thank the Cognitive Studies Program at Cornell University and the National Science Foundation,in particular Guy Van Orden A heart-felt thank you from mgm to her advisors,Michael Spivey,Seana Coulson and James Cutting for allowing her to undertake such an ambitious venture. A huge thank you to James Cutting,editor of Psychological Science,for allowing mgm to plague him with endless editorial concerns.(Famous last words:this will only take a minute!) Shimon Edelman's(past chair of the Cognitive Studies Program at Cornell University) adventurous spirit demonstrated by encouraging a second year graduate student in word and deed to begin what have become the international Empirical Methods in Cognitive Linguistics workshops,deserves a generous round of applause.If he hadn't said yes,it is unlikely we would have come this far
JB[v.20020404] Prn:12/04/2007; 9:21 F: HCP18AC.tex / p.1 (46-128) Acknowledgements Putting together a book like this requires inspiration, patience and lots of help! First of all, we want to thank all of the contributors to this volume. Writing pedagogical material is, without a doubt, one of the most challenging tasks in our profession. How does one explain clearly to a neonate in the field what has become common sense to us as researchers? Not an easy question to answer, yet one to which all of our authors have responded admirably. The foundation for this volume came from the energy of all of the participants of the first Empirical Methods in Cognitive Linguistics (EMCL) workshop, held at Cornell University, NY, 2003. A warm thank you to you all. The faculty presenters were: Leonard Talmy, Tatiana Chernigovskaya, Seana Coulson, Shimon Edelman, Raymond Gibbs, Kira Gor, Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, Scott Liddell, Teenie Matlock, Wolfgang Settekorn, Lera Boroditsky, Chris Sinha, Michael Spivey, and Eve Sweetser. The faculty participants were: Ben Bergen, Claire Cardie, Marianella Casasola, Roberta Golinkoff, Jeff Hancock, Naomi Khoda, Ed Kako, Suzanne Kemmer, Andrej Kibrik, Ken McRae, Rafael Nuñez, Yasuhiro Shirai, Guy Van Orden, Morten Christiansen, Herb Colston, James Cutting, and Joerg Zinken. The student participants were: Carey Benon, Michele Bishop, Sean Flanagan, Uri Hasson, Daniel Richardson, David Havas, Michael Klieman, Chris Koops, Sarah Kriz, Kristin Mulrooney, Andriy M’yachykov, Shweta Narayan, Florencia Reali, Fey Parril, Rachel Pulverman, Sebastian Ross-Hagebaum, Monica Sanaphre, Nathaniel Smith, Bob Williams, Ying Choon Wu, Reka Beneczes, Vito Evola, Maurizio Gagliano, Olga Khomitsevich, Daniel Kislyuk, Sarah Lee, Vera Malioushenkova, Bo Pederson, Sophia Skoufaki, Cristina Soriano, Tatiana Svistounova, Sylvia Tufvesson, Eric Breck and Stanka Fitneva. For financial support we want to thank the Cognitive Studies Program at Cornell University and the National Science Foundation, in particular Guy Van Orden. A heart-felt thank you from mgm to her advisors, Michael Spivey, Seana Coulson and James Cutting for allowing her to undertake such an ambitious venture. A huge thank you to James Cutting, editor of Psychological Science, for allowing mgm to plague him with endless editorial concerns. (Famous last words: this will only take a minute!) Shimon Edelman’s (past chair of the Cognitive Studies Program at Cornell University) adventurous spirit demonstrated by encouraging a second year graduate student in word and deed to begin what have become the international Empirical Methods in Cognitive Linguistics workshops, deserves a generous round of applause. If he hadn’t said yes, it is unlikely we would have come this far
Acknowledgements We also want to thank Johannes Wagner and Anders Hougaard for organizing the inspiring Language and Communication workshop,where mgm met her dear friend Uri Hasson,and after much discussion realized that EMCL needed to happen. The support staff at Cornell was absolutely invaluable in getting so many things done, both with the workshops as with this volume.A tremendous thank you to Linda LeVan, Elizabeth Chandler,Pam Cunningham,Mary Lou DeBoer,Keith Daniels,and Fred Horan. Thanks are also due to the co-organizers of the two subsequent EMCL workshops. In Portsmouth,England,a thank you to Chris Sinha for inviting the workshop to come to his Language,Culture and Mind Conference(2004),and to Stephanie Pourcel,Stanka Fitneva and Joerg Zinken,co-organizers with mgm,whose dedication led to a workshop where questions key to the further development of the discipline were brought to the fore. Currently,Javier Valenzuela and mgm are co-organizing EMCL 3 in Murcia,Spain.A thank you to Javier and to the Spanish Cognitive Linguistics Association(AELCO)for inviting us to come! Thank you to Kees Vaes and the editorial team at John Benjamins for their tremendous patience with this volume,and to the head editors of Human Cognitive Processing,the book series this volume will be a part of,Jan Van Nuyts,Ray Gibbs,and Marcelo Dascal. A special thank you to Raymond Becker for loving,supporting,and generally taking care of mgm. Finally,many thanks to our two anonymous reviewers at John Benjamin's and to our student/faculty reviewers,Monica Sanaphre,Raymond B.Becker,Javier Valenzuela, Joseph Hilferty,Uri Hasson,Christina Soriano,James Cutting,Rick Dale,Shweta Narayan,Sebastian Ross-Hagemon,Rick Dale,Nathaniel Smith,Bo Pederson,Fey Parrill, Stanka Fitneva,Erin Hannon,Joel Snyder,Florencia Reali,Benjamin Hiles,Daniel Graham,Vito Evola,Reka Benczes,Daniel Kislyuk,Thomas Farmer,Sophia Skoufaki,and Christian Koops. Original EMCL committee: Monica Gonzalez-Marquez,Chair Seana Coulson Rick Dale Irene Mittelberg Michael Spivey
JB[v.20020404] Prn:12/04/2007; 9:21 F: HCP18AC.tex / p.2 (128-180) Acknowledgements We also want to thank Johannes Wagner and Anders Hougaard for organizing the inspiring Language and Communication workshop, where mgm met her dear friend Uri Hasson, and after much discussion realized that EMCL needed to happen. The support staff at Cornell was absolutely invaluable in getting so many things done, both with the workshops as with this volume. A tremendous thank you to Linda LeVan, Elizabeth Chandler, Pam Cunningham, Mary Lou DeBoer, Keith Daniels, and Fred Horan. Thanks are also due to the co-organizers of the two subsequent EMCL workshops. In Portsmouth, England, a thank you to Chris Sinha for inviting the workshop to come to his Language, Culture and Mind Conference (2004), and to Stephanie Pourcel, Stanka Fitneva and Joerg Zinken, co-organizers with mgm, whose dedication led to a workshop where questions key to the further development of the discipline were brought to the fore. Currently, Javier Valenzuela and mgm are co-organizing EMCL 3 in Murcia, Spain. A thank you to Javier and to the Spanish Cognitive Linguistics Association (AELCO) for inviting us to come! Thank you to Kees Vaes and the editorial team at John Benjamins for their tremendous patience with this volume, and to the head editors of Human Cognitive Processing, the book series this volume will be a part of, Jan Van Nuyts, Ray Gibbs, and Marcelo Dascal. A special thank you to Raymond Becker for loving, supporting, and generally taking care of mgm. Finally, many thanks to our two anonymous reviewers at John Benjamin’s and to our student/faculty reviewers, Monica Sanaphre, Raymond B. Becker, Javier Valenzuela, Joseph Hilferty, Uri Hasson, Christina Soriano, James Cutting, Rick Dale, Shweta Narayan, Sebastian Ross-Hagemon, Rick Dale, Nathaniel Smith, Bo Pederson, Fey Parrill, Stanka Fitneva, Erin Hannon, Joel Snyder, Florencia Reali, Benjamin Hiles, Daniel Graham, Vito Evola, Reka Benczes, Daniel Kislyuk, Thomas Farmer, Sophia Skoufaki, and Christian Koops. Original EMCL committee: Monica Gonzalez-Marquez, Chair Seana Coulson Rick Dale Irene Mittelberg Michael Spivey