Department of Special Education ECNU 242表示连续变量的统计图 1.线形图 定义 表示两个变量之间的函数关系。一种事物随另一种事物变 化的情况∷:某种事物随时间推移的发展趋势等 绘制方法 tistics of education 先画一条直角坐标系,横轴表示时间或自变量,纵轴表示 频数或因变量 描点:用直线连接相邻两点。(按时间顺序连成线条即成)三 Department of Special Education ECNU
Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 2.4.2 表示连续变量的统计图 1.线形图 ➢定义 表示两个变量之间的函数关系。一种事物随另一种事物变 化的情况;某种事物随时间推移的发展趋势等。 ➢绘制方法 •先画一条直角坐标系,横轴表示时间或自变量,纵轴表示 频数或因变量。 •描点:用直线连接相邻两点。(按时间顺序连成线条即成)
Department of Special Education, ECNU 表212建国以来某地区幼儿园人数统计表 年份 人数(万) 解放前 2.0 4.0 4.5 6.0 765432 解放前 图2:建国以来,某地区幼儿园人数发展统计图 Department of Special Education ECNU
Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 表2.12 建国以来某地区幼儿园人数统计表 年份 人数(万) 解放前 49 51 53 55 2.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 6.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 解放前 49 51 53 55 图2:建国以来,某地区幼儿园人数发展统计图
Department of Special Education ECNU 注意点 绘折线,不画光滑曲线 图中相比较的线一般不超过五条,图中不用文字或数字表 2.频数分布图 atistics of education 常用的频数分布图有直方图、多边图、累积多边图 Department of Special Education ECNU
Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education 2. 频数分布图 常用的频数分布图有直方图、多边图、累积多边图 ➢注意点: •绘折线,不画光滑曲线 •图中相比较的线一般不超过五条,图中不用文字或数字表 示
Department of Special Education ECNU 直方图 用面积表示频数分布,用各组上下限的矩形面积表示各组 的频数 表2.13二年级80个学生身高的频数、累积频数、累积百分比 身高 组中值 频数 累积频数累积百分比 115 116.5 118 5.00 121- Sti2sstics of&Education 1500 124 2750 127 128.5 52.50 130 131.5 19 26379 76.25 133- 134.5 12 91.25 136 137.5 96.25 139 140.5 98.75 142 143.5 100 总和 80 Department of Special Education ECNU
Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education ➢直方图 •用面积表示频数分布,用各组上下限的矩形面积表示各组 的频数 表2.13 二年级80个学生身高的频数、累积频数、累积百分比 身高 组中值 频数 累积频数 累积百分比 115- 118- 121- 124- 127- 130- 133- 136- 139- 142- 116.5 119.5 122.5 125.5 128.5 131.5 134.5 137.5 140.5 143.5 1 3 8 10 20 19 12 4 2 1 1 4 12 22 42 61 73 77 79 80 1.25 5.00 15.00 27.50 52.50 76.25 91.25 96.25 98.75 100 总和 80
Department of Special Education ECNU 作横轴:把上表第(1)列的上、下限或第2)列的组中值分置 于横轴上。表上共有10个组,而作图时,须在横轴的两端三 至少各空出一个组距的位置。 作纵轴:在纵轴上表明尺度及其单位,以指示频数 Statistics of education 在纵轴上定出各组频数高度,并在各组频数高度处划一横 线与各组上、下限的两条纵线相交,形成一个矩形。由于 横轴上各组距之间是连续的,故各矩形之间不能留空隙。 甚至每个矩形的内侧垂线也可以不画 Department of Special Education ECNU
Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Department of Special Education ECNU Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education Statistics of Education •作横轴:把上表第(1)列的上、下限或第(2)列的组中值分置 于横轴上。表上共有10个组,而作图时,须在横轴的两端 至少各空出一个组距的位置。 •作纵轴:在纵轴上表明尺度及其单位,以指示频数。 •在纵轴上定出各组频数高度,并在各组频数高度处划一横 线与各组上、下限的两条纵线相交,形成一个矩形。由于 横轴上各组距之间是连续的,故各矩形之间不能留空隙。 甚至每个矩形的内侧垂线也可以不画