PositivelyChargedRGroupshave significantPositivelychargedRgroupsCOOCOO-COOpositivechargeatpH7.0H.N-HaNH.N-C-H-C-HC一HCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-NHCH2CH2-NCH2NH+NH3C=NH2NH2LysineArginineHistidineNelson&Cox,LehningerPrinciplesofBiochemistrye,2021W.H.FreemanandCompany
Negatively Charged R GroupsNegativelycharged Rgroupshave a net negativeCOO-COO-charge at pH 7.0HN-C-HC-HHNCH2CH2CH2COO-COO['spa:tert]= aspartic acid /aespa:'tuk aesidGlutamateAspartateNelson&Cox,LehningerPrinciplesofBiochemistry,8e2021W.H.FreemanandCompany
[əˈspɑːteɪt]= aspartic acid /æspɑː'tɪk æsid/
Hydrophobic amino acidsGlycine is nonpolarCOO-GlyisthesimplestaminoacidH-C-HSidechain=HEachaminoacidhasNH:≥Full name(Glycine)Glycine (Gly, G)≥3lettercode(Gly)≥2 letter code (G)
Glycine is nonpolar Gly is the simplest amino acid Side chain = H Each amino acid has Full name (Glycine) 3 letter code (Gly) 2 letter code (G) Hydrophobic amino acids
AlaandPhe中[,finail'aela,ni.n]NonpolarCOO-COONonpolarH-C-CH2H-CCHNHNH:Phenylalanine(Phe,F)Alanine(Ala,A)KAla has a methyl group for its side chainPhe, as its name suggests, include a phenyl ring on an AlaresidueMoresurfacearea,morenonpolar
Ala and Phe • Ala has a methyl group for its side chain • Phe, as its name suggests, include a phenyl ring on an Ala residue • More surface area, more nonpolar [ˌfiːnaɪlˈæləˌniːn]
Val,Leu,andleCOOCH3COOCH3cOoCH3CHH-CHH-CH2—HCH-CH2-CH3NHCH3NHCH3NHValine (Val,V)Isoleucine (lle,I)Leucine (Leu,L)['vaeli:n]Leu has an extra methylene group (-CH-) than ValIle has the same functional moieties in its R group as LeuJustarrangeddifferently-hencetheprefixiso
Val, Leu, and Ile • Leu has an extra methylene group (-CH2 -) than Val • Ile has the same functional moieties in its R group as Leu. Just arranged differently – hence the prefix iso [ˈvæliːn]