第九章 遗 传 重 组 ◼ 基因组的可变性和稳定性之间必须维持 一个恰到好处的平衡,这样才能使生物 体得以生存并能世代相传,繁衍不息。 ◼ 染色体的遗传差异主要由两种 机制产生, 一种是突变,一种是遗传重组
第九章 遗 传 重 组 ◼ 基因组的可变性和稳定性之间必须维持 一个恰到好处的平衡,这样才能使生物 体得以生存并能世代相传,繁衍不息。 ◼ 染色体的遗传差异主要由两种 机制产生, 一种是突变,一种是遗传重组
◼ 所谓遗传重组指的是遗传物质的重新组合, 其共有的特征是DNA双螺旋之间的遗传物质 发生交换。遗传重组的存在确保了遗传物质 代与代之间基因组的重排,从而形成一个物 种内部个体之间的遗传差异。 ◼ 遗传重组不仅仅发生于代与代之间,一个个 体的基因组也可以发生重排。重组不只是在 减数分裂和体细胞核基因中发生,也在线粒 体基因间和叶绿体基因间发生
◼ 所谓遗传重组指的是遗传物质的重新组合, 其共有的特征是DNA双螺旋之间的遗传物质 发生交换。遗传重组的存在确保了遗传物质 代与代之间基因组的重排,从而形成一个物 种内部个体之间的遗传差异。 ◼ 遗传重组不仅仅发生于代与代之间,一个个 体的基因组也可以发生重排。重组不只是在 减数分裂和体细胞核基因中发生,也在线粒 体基因间和叶绿体基因间发生
Figure 14.1 Overview:recombination occurs during the first meiotic prophase.The stages of prophase are defined by the appearance of the chromosomes,each of which consists of two replicas(sister chromatids),although the duplicated state becomes visible only at the end.The molecular interactions of any individual crossing-over event involve two of the four duplex DNAs. Progress through meiosis Molecular interactions Leptotene Condensed chromosomes 八八八八 Each chromosome has replicated, become visible,often 八八入NMN and consists of 2 sister chromatids attached to nuclear envelope LV VVV Zygotene N八八N Initiation Chromosomes begin vV Break occurs in one genome pairing in limited region or regions VV VN0
Pachytene V Strand exchange Synaptonemal complex extends Single strands exchange along entire length of paired N八NMMN with other genome chromosomes NW/MN 八070001 Diplotene 八八N八NN Assimilation Chromosomes separate, 入W八八N Region of exchanged strands but are held together by is extended chiasmata MNMMN NMNNNNNN Diakinesis VNVAA Resolution Chromosomes condense, Genomes released by nicking detach from envelope; 八N八NNN chiasmata remain. All 4 chromatids become VVVVV visible. NMNNMNNMNN
遗传重组的证明
遗传重组的证明