Detection of viral proteins antigens and enzymes Antigen detection( ELISA, RIA, Western blot Hemagglutination and hemadsorption Enzyme activities( reverse transcriptase Protein patterns( electrophoresis
16 Detection of viral proteins ( antigens and enzymes) • Antigen detection ( ELISA, RIA, Western blot) • Hemagglutination and hemadsorption • Enzyme activities( reverse transcriptase) • Protein patterns( electrophoresis )
Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Identification Virus isolation and identification Detection of viral proteins( antigens and enzymes )] Detection of viral genetic material Serologic procedures
17 Laboratory Diagnosis • Microscopy Identification • Virus isolation and identification • Detection of viral proteins( antigens and enzymes)] • Detection of viral genetic material • Serologic procedures
Detection of viral genetic material PCR( Polymerase chain reaction) RT-PCR(Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) Southern(DNA), Northern(RNA), and dot blots DNA genome hybridization in situ(cytochemistry Electrophoretic mobilities of RNa for segmented rNa viruses( Electrophoresis) Restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns
18 Detection of viral genetic material • PCR ( Polymerase chain reaction) • RT-PCR (Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) • Southern（DNA), Northern(RNA), and dot blots • DNA genome hybridization in situ(cytochemistry) • Electrophoretic mobilities of RNA for segmented RNA viruses( Electrophoresis) • Restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns
Laboratory Diagnosis Microscopy Identification Virus isolation and identification Detection of viral proteins( antigens and enzymes )] Detection of viral genetic material Serologic procedures 19
19 Laboratory Diagnosis • Microscopy Identification • Virus isolation and identification • Detection of viral proteins( antigens and enzymes)] • Detection of viral genetic material • Serologic procedures
Serologic procedures If the antibody titer in the convalesent-phase serum sample is at least 4-fold higher than the titer in the acute-phase serum sample, the patient is considered to be infected In certain viral diseases, the presence of igM antibody is used to diagnose current infection Other nonspecific serologic tests are available
20 Serologic procedures • If the antibody titer in the convalesent-phase serum sample is at least 4-fold higher than the titer in the acute-phase serum sample, the patient is considered to be infected. • In certain viral diseases, the presence of IgM antibody is used to diagnose current infection • Other nonspecific serologic tests are available