21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains Receptor is a transmembrane protein,located in the plasma membrane,that binds a ligand in a domain on the extracellular side,and as a result has a change in activity of the cytoplasmic domain. (The same term is sometimes used also for the steroid receptors,which are transcription factors that are activated by binding ligands that are steroids or other small molecules.) 清菜大当
Receptor is a transmembrane protein, located in the plasma membrane, that binds a ligand in a domain on the extracellular side, and as a result has a change in activity of the cytoplasmic domain. (The same term is sometimes used also for the steroid receptors, which are transcription factors that are activated by binding ligands that are steroids or other small molecules.) 21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains
Corticoids(adrenal steroids) 21.5 Steroid receptors have Glucocorticoids increase matory action CH,CH CH OH several independent domains C=0 -OH cortisol aldosterone Sterold sex hormones Figure 21.6 Several types of hydrophobic small molecules B-estradiol testosterone activate transcription factors. Development and morphogenesis Corticoids and steroid sex Retinoic acid is a morphoger hormones are synthesized from CH cholesterol,vitamin D is a steroid, thyroid hormones are synthesized vitamin D3 from tyrosine,and retinoic acid is Thyroid hormones synthesized from isoprene(in fish Thyroid hormones control basal metabolic rate CH liver). C00 CH-CH (trans)retinoic acid NH 情菜大兰 triiodothyronine (T3)
Figure 21.6 Several types of hydrophobic small molecules activate transcription factors. Corticoids and steroid sex hormones are synthesized from cholesterol, vitamin D is a steroid, thyroid hormones are synthesized from tyrosine, and retinoic acid is synthesized from isoprene (in fish liver). 21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains
21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains Steroid Receptor Cytopl asm Figure 21.7 Glucocorticoids regulate gene Nucleus transcription by 八八X八M八八八 causing their receptor GRE/Enhancer Prom oter to bind to an enhancer Activation Transcription ■■■■■ whose action is needed for promoter function. 清菜大兰
Figure 21.7 Glucocorticoids regulate gene transcription by causing their receptor to bind to an enhancer whose action is needed for promoter function. 21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains
21.5 Steroid receptors have DNA-binding and severalindependent domains transcriptional-activation (domains v ary from 94-42%) N-terminal regions Hormone-binding regions have <15%identities and dimerization (needed to activ ate (vary from 57-15%) Figure 21.8 Receptors transcription) Glucocorticoid for many steroid and 94 57 Mineralocorticoid thyroid hormones have a similar organization, 90 56 Proge sterone with an individual N- 76 50 Androgen terminal region, 52 30 Estrogen conserved DNA- 47 Triio dothyronine binding region,and a 42■15 Vitamin D C-terminal hormone- 45 16 Retinoic acid binding region. 40 9-cis Retinoic acid 情華大当
Figure 21.8 Receptors for many steroid and thyroid hormones have a similar organization, with an individual Nterminal region, conserved DNAbinding region, and a C-terminal hormonebinding region. 21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains
21.5 Steroid receptors have DNA-binding and several independent domains transcriptional-activation (domains v ary from 94-42%) N-terminal regions Hormone-binding regions have <15%identities and dimerization (needed to activ ate (vary from 57-15%) Figure 21.8 Receptors transcription) Glucocorticoid for many steroid and 94 57 Mineralocorticoid thyroid hormones have a similar organization, 90 56 Progesterone with an individual N- 76 50 Androgen terminal region, 52 30 Estrogen conserved DNA- 47 Triio dothyronine binding region,and a 42■ <15 Vitamin D C-terminal hormone- 45 15 Retinoic acid binding region 40 15 9-cis Retinoic acid 清菜大当
Figure 21.8 Receptors for many steroid and thyroid hormones have a similar organization, with an individual Nterminal region, conserved DNAbinding region, and a C-terminal hormonebinding region. 21.5 Steroid receptors have several independent domains