The Theory of Cognitive DissonanceCognitive DissonanceAnyincompatibility between two or more attitudes orbetween behavior and attitudesIndividuals seek to reduce this gap, ordissonance”Desire to reduce dissonance depends on:Importanceof elements creating dissonanceDegree of individual influence over elements?Rewardsinvolvedin dissonance
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Desire to reduce dissonance depends on: Importance of elements creating dissonance Degree of individual influence over elements Rewards involved in dissonance Cognitive Dissonance Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes Individuals seek to reduce this gap, or “dissonance
How Do Attitudes change?ThreePhasesObedienceAssimilationInteriozation同化内化服从
How Do Attitudes change? Obedience Assimilation Interiozation Three Phases
Types ofAttitudesJob SatisfactionA collection ofpositiveand/or negativefeelings that anindividual holds toward his or her jobJob InvolvementIdentifying with the job, actively participating in it,and considering performance important to self-worthOrganizational CommitmentIdentifying with a particularorganization and itsgoals, and wishing to maintain membership in theorganization (Affective,Normative,and ContinuanceCommitment)
Types of Attitudes Job Involvement Identifying with the job, actively participating in it, and considering performance important to self-worth Organizational Commitment Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the organization (Affective, Normative, and Continuance Commitment) Job Satisfaction A collection of positive and/or negative feelings that an individual holds toward his or her job
Types of Attitudes,cont'dPerceived Organizational Support (PoS)Degree to which employees feel the organization caresabouttheirwell-beingEmployee EngagementAnindividual's involvement with,satisfaction withand enthusiasm forthe organization
Types of Attitudes, cont’d Employee Engagement An individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the organization Perceived Organizational Support (POS) Degree to which employees feel the organization cares about their well-being
Job SatisfactionMeasuring Job SatisfactionSingleglobalratingSummation scoreHow Satisfied Are People in Their Jobs?In general, people are satisfied with their jobs.Dependsonfacets of satisfactiontendto belesssatisfied with pay and promotion opportunities
Job Satisfaction Measuring Job Satisfaction Single global rating Summation score How Satisfied Are People in Their Jobs? In general, people are satisfied with their jobs. Depends on facets of satisfaction—tend to be less satisfied with pay and promotion opportunities