2、产品生命周期理论 一.产品生命周期 (三个阶段) 第一阶段:产品的创新阶段 第二阶段:产品成熟的阶段 第三阶段:产品的标准化阶段 二.产品周期理论的贡献和局限性
2、产品生命周期理论 一.产品生命周期 (三个阶段) 第一阶段:产品的创新阶段 第二阶段:产品成熟的阶段 第三阶段:产品的标准化阶段 二.产品周期理论的贡献和局限性
Product Cycle Model The model suggests that firms innovate new products at home and in relation to home market. ■ In this new product stage,the product os manufactured in the home country and introduces into the foreign markets through exports.In the mature product stage,the product has become sufficiently standardized that price competition become important.As costs factors begin to dictate that foreign markets be serviced by local production,foreign manufacturing facilities are established. Generally in other high-income country
Product Cycle Model The model suggests that firms inn ovat e new p r o duc t s a t home and i n r ela tio n to home market. In this new product stage, the product os manufactured in the home country and introduce s int o the f oreign markets t hrough exports. In the mature produ ct stage, the produ c t h as become sufficien tly standardized that price competition become important. As costs factors begin to dictate that forei gn ma r k e t s be s ervic e d by local produ ction, foreign manufacturing facilities a re established. Generally in other high-income country
2 第一阶段 第二阶段 第三阶段 出 口量 3线 2线 进 to t边 5 时间(t) 口量 1线 产品生命周期理论
3、小岛清的边际产业理论 (1) ■边际产业理论的基本假定是: 小岛清认为,一个国家应该从已经或即将 处于比较劣势的产业开始对外直接投资, 并依次进行;这些产业可以被定义为边 际产业一已经或者即将失去比较优势 的产业
3、小岛清的边际产业理论 (1) 边际产业理论的基本假定是: 小岛清认为,一个国家应该从已经或即将 处于比较劣势的产业开始对外直接投资, 并依次进行;这些产业可以被定义为边 际产业——已经或者即将失去比较优势 的产业
小岛清的边际产业理论(2) 1.“边际产业学说”对对外直接投资动机 的解释 2.日本与美国对外直接投资模式的区别 3.对小岛清理论的评价
小岛清的边际产业理论( 2 ) 1.“边际产业学说 ”对对外直接投资动机 的解释 2.日本与美国对外直接投资模式的区别 3.对小岛清理论的评价