南京大学：Studies of Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era（PPT学术讲稿，戴子高）

1. Prompt optical-IR emission and very early optical afterglows GRB041219 1.0 026 18 23 1.0 0.8 20 40 60 80 Time since Swift GRB trigger(min) Vestrand et al. 2005. Nature. 435.178 Blake et al. 2005. Nature. 435. 181

1. Prompt optical-IR emission and very early optical afterglows Vestrand et al. 2005, Nature, 435, 178 Blake et al. 2005, Nature, 435, 181

8000 6000 4000 20 2000 01020304050 minutes singe Swift GRB 041219a trigger Ultra- Inner relativistic engine Internal shocks External shocks

2. Early steep decay and shallow decay of X-ray afterglows GRB050319 t55y-16+022 -1.143r0.80±0.08 -0.5430.69±0.06 ·XRT Cusumano et al. 2005, astro-ph/0509689

2. Early steep decay and shallow decay of X-ray afterglows Cusumano et al. 2005, astro-ph/0509689 t -5.5ν -1.60.22 GRB 050319 t -0.54ν -0.690.06 t -1.14ν -0.800.08

Tagliaferri et al. 2005, Nature 436, 985(also see Chincarini etal.2005) Initial steep decay: tail emission from relativistic shocked ejecta, e.g. curvature effect(Kumar Panaitescu L9r Eu 2000; Zhang et al. 2006) … Flattening: continuous energy injection(Dai Lu 1998a, b Dai 2004; Zhang meszaros 2001; Zhang et al. 2006 Nousek et al. 2006), implying long-lasting central engine Final steepening: forward shock emission

Tagliaferri et al. 2005, Nature, 436, 985 (also see Chincarini et al. 2005) Initial steep decay: tail emission from relativistic shocked ejecta, e.g. curvature effect (Kumar & Panaitescu 2000; Zhang et al. 2006) Flattening: continuous energy injection (Dai & Lu 1998a,b; Dai 2004; Zhang & Meszaros 2001; Zhang et al. 2006; Nousek et al. 2006), implying long-lasting central engine Final steepening: forward shock emission

3. X-ray flares from long bursts Burrows et al. 2005. Science. 309.1833 10.0000 100 XRF050406 GRB050502B 如1.0000 1.0000 0.1000 80.0100 80.0100 0.0010 0.0010 0.0001 0.0001 06 Time since BAT trigger(s) Time since BAT trigger(s) Explanation: late internal shocks(Fan Wei 2005 hang et al. 2006; Wu, Dai et al. 2005), implying long-lasting central engine

3. X-ray flares from long bursts Burrows et al. 2005, Science, 309, 1833 Explanation: late internal shocks (Fan & Wei 2005; Zhang et al. 2006; Wu, Dai et al. 2005), implying long-lasting central engine