Design OverviewnginceringTargetsdifferent layersof data centerhierarchyFromserverleveltodatacenterfacilityleve1. Server Level3.Facility Level2.Cluster LevelGreen ClusterDistributedGeneratonUtilityPowerpowerInterfaceWindFue2CellTurbineMPPTUPSHistorySwitchgearPDSSchedulerPowerGasnSupplyMulti-CoCPLDaneTurbineMonitorVoltageRegulatorSolarCoreμ-ControllerPowerMonitorBrownClusterDataCenterServersIDEAL11RESEARCH
Design Overview 1. Server Level 2. Cluster Level 3. Facility Level • Targets different layers of data center hierarchy – From server level to data center facility level Green Cluster Distributed Generation 11 Power Supply SolarCore μ-Controller Power Monitor Multi-Core CPU Voltage Regulator MPPT Switch gear Utility power Monitor Scheduler History iSwitch Brown Cluster Wind Turbine Solar Panel Fuel Cell Gas Turbine UPS PDU Data Center Servers Generation Power Interface PDS
Photovoltaic System:An OverviewEnginceringSolarcollectors-Pycell:a.k.a.solarcell-PVmodule-PVarrayPVCellPV ModulePVArrayBalanceofsystems(BOs)TRIPPUTE- Physical support-PowercontrolPower ConditionersBattery The load-PassiveloadoractiveloadVS-Non-criticalormission-criticalIDEAL12RESEARCH
Photovoltaic System: An Overview PV Cell PV Module PV Array • Solar collectors – PV cell: a.k.a. solar cell – PV module – PV array • Balance of systems (BOS) 12 VS – Physical support – Power control • The load – Passive load or active load – Non-critical or mission-critical Power Conditioners Battery
UniquePowerBehaviorngineeringVariable,non-linearpoweroutputMaximalpowerpoint(MPP）Aspecialoperationpointthatdeliversmaximumelectricalpower1 maxI-VPmpp店MPPLoad P-VP-VImpp富Load I-VPLILVVLVmppVLVmppIDEAL13RESEARCHI
Unique Power Behavior • Maximal power point (MPP) – A special operation point that delivers maximum electrical power • Variable, non-linear power output 13
PeakPowerTrackingisImportantngineeringMPPlocationistime-varying400Powe1000350VoltageooeanodoeeeAT300800S250200M1.50100Z.00am10:00amB:00am9:00am11:00am12:00am1:00pm2:09nr3-00Time[Source:SMASolarTechnology]amolexee %>50%PowerLoss1005001000800600400SunlightIntensity(W/M^2)IDEAL(Fixedload,notrackingmechanism)14RESEARCHI
Peak Power Tracking is Important [Source: SMA Solar Technology] MPP location is time-varying 14 0 50 100 % M 1000 800 600 400 aximal Power Sunlight Intensity (W/M^2) > 50% Power Loss (Fixed load, no tracking mechanism)
DesignAppropriatePVSystemsnginceringThreepillarsof sustainabilityLoad- Environment, economy and societyPVDirect coupledSocialControlLoadBatteryPVEnviron-EconomicmentalStorage-included[Source:wikipedia.org]Performance considerationUtilityInverterGridPV-Workloadperformance- Service availabilityGrid-connectedIDEAL15RESEARCHI
Design Appropriate PV Systems • Three pillars of sustainability – Environment, economy and society Social Control PV Direct coupled Load 15 • Performance consideration – Workload performance – Service availability [Source: wikipedia.org] Economic Environmental Load PV Battery Storage-included Utility PV Grid Inverter Grid-connected