TowardsRenewableEnergyPoweredSustainableand High-Performance CloudDatacentersProf.Tao LiIDEAL (lIntelligent Design of Efficient Architectures Laboratory)Electricaland ComputerEngineeringUniversityofFlorida
Towards Renewable Energy Powered Sustainable and High-Performance Cloud Datacenters Prof. Tao Li IDEAL (Intelligent Design of Efficient Architectures Laboratory) Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida
"Energy is the Big Issue'-Discover Magazine,2010Engincering~20KwWperrackPowerBudget~5kwperrack~1000Watts~100WattsHigh-densityExascale ComputingofficeLow-densityPersonalFacilitiesBladeServerServerRacksWorkstationComputer“Exascale computers...need a dozen nuclearpowerstationstorunit."-E&T:theEngineering&TechnologyMagazineIDEAL2RESEARCHI
“Energy is the Big Issue” - Discover Magazine, 2010 ~100 Watts ~20KW per rack ~5KW per rack ~1000 Watts Power Budget 2 ~100 Watts Personal Computer Office Workstation Low-density Server Racks High-density Blade Server Exascale Computing Facilities “Exascale computers . need a dozen nuclear power stations to run it.” - E&T: the Engineering & Technology Magazine
DataCenterPowerDemandGrowsngineerinAnnualDataCenterEnergyDemand(%ofTotal U.S.ElectricityGenerated)[2,3]10%8%5%3%0%2000200520102015Growth of data center powerdemand (Mw),2011-2012 (1)[0, 50][50,100][750,1000][500,750][250,500][100,250][1] DcD Industry Census2011:Forecasting Energy Demand,http://www.dcd-intelligence.com/IDEAL[2] Conferencereport:TheFuture oftheData Centre,http://www.information-age.com3RESEARCHI[3] Ken Brill,The Economic Meltdown of Moore's LawandtheGreenData Center
Data Center Power Demand Grows [2, 3] 5% 8% 10% Annual Data Center Energy Demand (% of Total U.S. Electricity Generated) 3 [750, 1000) [500 , 750) [250 , 500) [100 , 250) [50 , 100) [0, 50) [1] DCD Industry Census 2011: Forecasting Energy Demand, http://www.dcd-intelligence.com/ [2] Conference report: The Future of the Data Centre, http://www.information-age.com [3] Ken Brill, The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law and the Green Data Center • Growth of data center power demand (MW), 2011 – 2012 [1] 0% 3% 5% 2000 2005 2010 2015
TheEnergyExpenditureProblemEnginceringThe 3-Year Energy ExpenditureHistoricalElectricityPricesinUK(%ofTotalITEquipmentCost)[3] [1,2]180200%a160140150%120A100%1008050%60AverageComparedto20050%-Benchmarkfor2005402020002003200620092012Escalating powerfootprint drives data center cost upNeedalternativepowerprovisioningsolutions[1] Conference report:TheFuture ofthe Data Centre,http://www.information-age.comIDEAL[2] Ken Brill, The Economic Meltdown of Moore's Law and the Green Data Center4[3]https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-energy-climate-changeRESEARCH
50% 100% 150% 200% The 3-Year Energy Expenditure (% of Total IT Equipment Cost) The Energy Expenditure Problem [1,2] [3] 80 100 120 140 160 180 Retail Price Index Historical Electricity Prices in UK 4 0% 50% 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 [3] https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-energy-climate-change • Escalating power footprint drives data center cost up – Need alternative power provisioning solutions [1] Conference report: The Future of the Data Centre, http://www.information-age.com [2] Ken Brill, The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law and the Green Data Center 20 40 60 80 Retail Price Index Average Compared to 2005 Benchmark for 2005
WorldwideEnvironmentalConcernsEnginceringTheGlobalMeanSeaLevelTrendinGlobalcO2Emissions(MSL)HasIncreasedby2.5[2]FromFossilFuelCombustion[1]InchesSince1992366032(ww)isw4528302415C201992199720022007201219901995200020052010A 1MW data center →> 10~15 Kt cO2 yearly [3]800MW projected capacitygrowth→2.2%increase of annual COz emission in the U.S.[1] Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center,http://cdiac.ornl.goy/trends/emis/meth_reg.htmlIDEAL[2] http://sealevel.colorado.edu/5[3http://www.apcmedia.com/salestools/WTOL-7DJLN9_R1_EN.swfRESEARCHI
Worldwide Environmental Concerns 15 30 45 60 MSL (mm) The Global Mean Sea Level (MSL) Has Increased by 2.5 Inches Since 1992 24 28 32 36 CO2 Emissions (Gt) Trend in Global CO2 Emissions From Fossil Fuel Combustion [1] [2] 5 0 15 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 MSL (mm) • A 1MW data center → 10~15 Kt CO2 yearly • 800 MW projected capacity growth → 2.2% increase of annual CO2 emission in the U.S. [1] Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/meth_reg.html [2] http://sealevel.colorado.edu/ [3 http://www.apcmedia.com/salestools/WTOL-7DJLN9_R1_EN.swf 20 24 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 CO2 Emissions (Gt) [3]