Design Appropriate PV Systems文LoadPVDirectcoupledControlLoadBattery1Storage-includedUtilityInverterGridGrid-connectedIDEAL16RESEARCH
Design Appropriate PV Systems Load PV Control Direct coupled 16 Load PV Battery Storage-included Utility PV Grid Inverter Grid-connected Utility Grid
Relying on The Battery?Engincering(PowerOutletSolarEnergySupplyEnergyStorage·AgingProblemDegradereliability,energyefficiency,etc.Turn-aroundEnergyLoss-5%~25%according toIEEEstandardsHighLowTypical97%95%93%E1:Energyharvestingcontrol95%85%75%E2:Batteryround-tripefficiency92%81%70%Overallenergyefficiency(E1xE2)IDEAL17RESEARCH
Relying on The Battery? • Aging Problem Solar Energy Supply Energy Storage Power Outlet 17 • Turn-around Energy Loss – 5%~25% according to IEEE standards • Aging Problem – Degrade reliability, energy efficiency, etc. High Typical Low E1: Energy harvesting control 97% 95% 93% E2: Battery round-trip efficiency 95% 85% 75% Overall energy efficiency (E1×E2) 92% 81% 70%
Relying on The Grid?ngineerinPowerGridPowerOutletSolarEnergySupplyDC-ACPowerConversionLoss-Upto12%powerloss(source:NationalRenewableEnergyLab)SchedulingDifficultyforTheUtilityCompany-Unpredictablepowersurge;pricingproblemsAUGUST20,2009,12:39PMETMeter Reader: Wading into the ControversialNet Metering DebateTHEWALLSTREETJOURNAIIDEAL18RESEARCH
Relying on The Grid? Solar Energy Supply Power Grid Power Outlet • DC-AC Power Conversion Loss 18 – Up to 12% power loss (source: National Renewable Energy Lab) • Scheduling Difficulty for The Utility Company – Unpredictable power surge; pricing problems
SolarCorePhilosophynginceringPowersupplyattributesmatters-Unconventional powerbehaviorLowdependenceonutilitypower-Lessutilitybills,lesscarbonemissionLeveraging existing tuning knobs-OptimizationopportunitiesValue aggregated performance- Instantaneous performance cannot be guaranteedPowerSupplyCoordinationArchitectural TuningOptimizedAggregatedPerformanceIDEAL19RESEARCH
SolarCore Philosophy • Power supply attributes matters – Unconventional power behavior • Low dependence on utility power – Less utility bills, less carbon emission • Leveraging existing tuning knobs – Optimization opportunities 19 • Value aggregated performance – Instantaneous performance cannot be guaranteed Power Supply Coordination Architectural Tuning Optimized Aggregated Performance
SolarCore: an OverviewEnginceringEnergy SourceMulti-coreProcessorVRMVRMVRMVRMCoreCoreCoreCoreCoreCoreCoreCorePiPoVRMVRMVRMVRMPSUPiSolarCore PocontrollerIDEAL20RESEARCH
SolarCore: an Overview VRM Core Multi-core Processor Core Core Core Core Core Core Core VRM VRM VRM Energy Source 20 Core Core Core Core VRM VRM VRM VRM PSU SolarCore controller . .