pathology Amniotic fluid and fetal cells enter the maternal circulation, possibly triggering an anaphylactic reaction to fetal antigens a(1) Clinical symptoms result from mast cell degranulation with the release of histamine and tryptase, (2) Clinical symptoms result from activation of the complement pathway
pathology ◼ Amniotic fluid and fetal cells enter the maternal circulation, possibly triggering an anaphylactic reaction to fetal antigens. ◼ (1) Clinical symptoms result from mast cell degranulation with the release of histamine and tryptase, ◼ (2) Clinical symptoms result from activation of the complement pathway
Progression usually occurs in 2 phases hase a pulmonary artery vasospasm with pulmonary hypertension and elevated right ventricular pressure cause hypoxia Hypoxia causes myocardial capillary damage and pulmonary capillary damage, eft heart failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome
◼ . Progression usually occurs in 2 phases. ◼ phase I: ◼ pulmonary artery vasospasm with pulmonary hypertension and elevated right ventricular pressure cause hypoxia. ◼ Hypoxia causes myocardial capillary damage and pulmonary capillary damage, left heart failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. ◼
Women who survive these events may enter phase ll a This is a hemorrhagic phase characterized by massive hemorrhage with uterine atony and DIC however, fatal consumptive coagulopathy may be the initial presentation
◼ Women who survive these events may enter phase II. ◼ This is a hemorrhagic phase characterized by massive hemorrhage with uterine atony and DIC ◼ however, fatal consumptive coagulopathy may be the initial presentation
Presentation The clinical presentation of AFE is generally dramatic a in the late stages acutely dyspnea and ypotension with rapid progression to cardiopulmonary arrest a In 40% of cases, followed by some degree of consumptive coagulopathy
Presentation ◼ The clinical presentation of AFE is generally dramatic ◼ in the late stages , acutely dyspnea and hypotension with rapid progression to cardiopulmonary arrest ◼ In 40% of cases, followed by some degree of consumptive coagulopathy