. The majority of biomolecules are carbon-based: It is efficient for living organisms to use one atom for lots of purposes? Its extreme versatility makes carbon a unique atom.[,v3:sa'tiliti]: Carbon can be used to build molecules of different shapes and geometry: Linear chains, branched chains, cyclical structurelinearchain'siklikll. This structure diversity leads to functional diversity.CHCH3branched chain
• The majority of biomolecules are carbon-based. • It is efficient for living organisms to use one atom for lots of purposes. • Its extreme versatility makes carbon a unique atom. • Carbon can be used to build molecules of different shapes and geometry. • Linear chains, branched chains, cyclical structure • This structure diversity leads to functional diversity. [ˌvɜːsəˈtɪlɪtɪ] [ˈsɪklɪkl]
[a'tpmik]Atomic composition and3-dimensional structureDifferentconfigurations (stereoisomers): The same atomic composition. The double bond blocks the free rotation about the carbon-carbon axis·Inter-conversionis prevented unless covalentbondsarebrokencisconfigurationHOOCCOOHon the same sideof the doublebondHdiffer in configurationHMaleicacidHHOOContheoppositesideofthedoublebond['meilik]trans configuratioHCOOHFumaricacid[fju'maerik]
Atomic composition and 3-dimensional structure Different configurations (stereoisomers) • The same atomic composition • The double bond blocks the free rotation about the carbon-carbon axis. • Inter-conversion is prevented unless covalent bonds are broken. • cis configuration on the same side of the double bond differ in configuration on the opposite side of the double bond trans configuration [əˈtɒmɪk] ['meɪlɪk] [fjuː'mærɪk]
HOOCCOOHHCOOHHOOC
CHCHCH3CHHlight1010CH3CHAll-trans-Retinal11-cis-RetinalIs a double bond a prereguisite to have configurational isomers?
Is a double bond a prerequisite to have configurational isomers?
Atomic composition and 3-dimensional structureChiral center·Acarbonisboundto4distinctchemicalgroups·Inter-conversionis preventedunless covalentbonds arebrokenoriginal-mirrorimage1chiralHHH[en'aentiamaRiR3chiralEnantiomersRRiR3R1R2R3R311R2R1R2achiralRiRR1What are the biochemical consequences of having molecules in different configurations?
Chiral center • A carbon is bound to 4 distinct chemical groups. • Inter-conversion is prevented unless covalent bonds are broken. Atomic composition and 3-dimensional structure What are the biochemical consequences of having molecules in different configurations? [enˈæntɪəmə]