General Properties Functional Categories of Cytokines Cytokine Receptors Biologic Actions

Antigen Presenting Cells Antigen Processing Antigen Presentation

I Definition of antibody II Structure of antibody III Function of antibody IV Biological characteristics of different antibodies

I Definition and characteristics of antigen II Properties of Ag: Foreignness and specificity III Factors that influence immunogenicity IV Classification of antigen V Nonspecific stimuli for immune response

• Diarrheal illness is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. • It is most commonly encountered in develeoping countries. • Can be life-threatening in infants, young children, and elderly people. Most individuals with this illness can be managed as outpatients

 Definition  The Pathogen  Epidemiology  Etiology and Life Cycle  Pathobiology  Clinical manifestations  Diagnosis  Treatment

⚫ Normal body temperature: 37oC (set point) Circadian variation oral T 0. 4oC > axillary T ⚫ Definition of fever: An elevation of core body temperature above the normal range

• Diarrheal illness is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. • It is most commonly encountered in develeoping countries. • Can be life-threatening in infants, young children, and elderly people. Most individuals with this illness can be managed as outpatients

对于医学而言，群体遗传是要探讨遗传病的发病频率、遗传方式、致病基因频率及其变化的规律，以了解遗传病在群体中的发生和分布的规律，为预防、监测和治疗遗传病提供重要的信息和措施。因此也称为遗传流行病学（genetic epidemiology）。• 群体的基因频率如何变化？ • 决定因素有哪些？ • 这些因素又是怎样作用于群体并导致群体基因频率发生变化的？

1. 疾病预防策略与措施 2. 我国公共卫生领域面临的形势 3. 全球卫生策略和初级卫生保健 4. 疾病的三级预防 5. 疾病监测