Contents Normal anatomy,physiology and metabolism of the kidney Clinical manifestation of renal disease Diagnosis and treatment

Water and Sodium Metabolism Control of water excretion Control of sodium excretion Hyponatremia and hypernatremia

Classification Prerenal ARF Intrinsic renal ARF Postrenal ARF

Introduction Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition involving a variety of cells including eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and epithelial cells of the airway, as well as cellular elements, which gives rise to the increase of airway hyper-reactivity. Extensive changeable and reversible ventilatior restriction is common and can cause recurrent tachypnea, feeling of out of breath, and coughing. The symptoms are more

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (reduced RBC life span) Anemia of increased destruction cNormochromic, normochromic anemia Shortened RBC survival cRReticulocytosis--Response to increased rBC destruction caIncreased indirect bilirubin cRIncreased LDH

Chronic Renal Insufficiency Pathogen and pathogenesis Manifestation Laboratory examination Diagnosis and differential diagnosis Treatment

Definition Absent iron-store hemoglobin synthesisl A microcytic and hypochromic anemia The most common nutritional

Outline Bone marrow hematopoiesis failure led by chemicals, radiation, biological factors and unknown etiology. The common clinical presentation is mild to severe pancytopenia

General considerations Definition: A group of neoplastic diseasesof lymphoid tissues Classification: Hodgkin' s Disease, HD (Hodgkin' s Lymphoma) Non Hodgkin s Lymphoma,NHL)

概述(introduction): Factors cause diseases chemicals physical biologicalpsychological chemicals: occupational, non- occupational. physical: occupational, non- occupational