肿瘤是正常细胞在不同始动与促进因素长期作 用下所产生的增生与异常分化所形成的新生物。 新生物一旦形成后,不因病因消除而停止增生 。它不受机体生理调节正常生长,而是破坏正常 组织与器官。 细胞组织的异型性、浸润和转移是其基本特征

一、骨折 二、关节损伤 三、骨关节感染 四、骨肿瘤 五、颈肩痛与腰腿痛 六、运动系统慢性损伤

It is well known that advances in scientific medicine have occasionally threatened to displace the history and physical examination in the evaluation of the patient. However, we usually discover that technologic advances serve to make the physical examination more rational and provide new understanding or objective documentation of long- appreciated physical finding

Palpation and percussion usually follow inspection in the examination of the other body systems a Following inspection, the examiner should perform auscultation of the abdomen

Five Ways of GI Bleeding Hematemesis: vomitting of blood of altered blood coffee grounds) indicates bleeding proximal to ligament of Treitz Melena: Tarry stool. Altered (black) blood per rectum(>60ml) Hematochezia: Bright red or maroon rectal bleeding implies bleeding beyond

Respiratory Function Test Spirolmetry Airway resistance compliance Diffusion capacity measure CO Exercise respiratory function test

Significance General condition comprehension Confirm history information Specific sign collection for the diagnosis of certain disease infers certain accessory examines Grossly preclude some certain disorders Contribute a relation between the physician and the patient

Definition of pain A signal of disease Unpleasant sensation localized to a part of the body Penetrating or tissue destructive process stabbing burning twisting tearing squeezing Bodily or emotional reaction

Auscultation normal breath sound vesicular breath sound bronchial breath sound bronchovesicular breath sound

CONTENT Definition of hematuria Etiology Clinical feature Differential diagnosis Laboratory tests Accompanied symptoms