HEART FAILURE – the pathophysiological state in which the heart is unable to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirement of the metabolizing tissues or can do so only from an elevated filling pressure. – Usually caused by a defect in myocardial contraction (myocardial failure)

Cardiovascular disease Cerebrovascular diseases Lower respiratory infections Diarrhea Perinatal disease COPD Tuberculosis Morbilli

Type 1 (beta-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency) Autoimmune Idiopathic Type 2 – (may range from predominantly insulin resistance with relative

Key Words Respiratory failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) dyspnea Hypoxemia hypercapnia Respiratory Support

How to Teach Internal Medicine 2005.2-7: Lecture (Bilingual teaching) 2005.9-2006.1 Bedside teaching: rotation for 6 weeks, including Respiratory system, Cardiovascular system, Gastrointestinal system, Kidney and urinary system, Endocrinology, Hematology, etc

Cirrhosis---definition chronic, progressed, diffuse hepatocellular injury fibrosis nodular regeneration

一、定义 各种原因引起的肠道炎症性疾病。 二、（广义） 通常 所说的 炎症性肠病是溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis UC）和克罗恩病(Crohn’s diaease CD)

Overview Clinical syndrome Slowing down of metabolism Slowing of growth and mental retardation in infants and children Generalized slowing down of organism Deposition of glycosaminoglycans in skin and muscle Reversible with therapy

一、诊所血压：标准测量方式。方便，常用 二、24小时动态血压：使用国际标准的装置 三、考虑：诊所血压变化大；与自测血压相差明显；低危者；疑有治疗抵抗；研究需要

定义 除心脏瓣膜病、冠心病、高血压心脏病、肺心病和先心以外，以心肌病变为主要表现的一组疾病