MIGRATIONAND URBANIZATION SHEN KE
MIGRATION AND URBANIZATION SHEN KE
Outline Definition of urbanization Urbanization process in the world Urbanization process in China Evolution of China's Urbanization Policy
Outline • Definition of urbanization • Urbanization process in the world • Urbanization process in China • Evolution of China’s Urbanization Policy
Definition of Migration Migration the permanent change in residence How far does a person have to move to be considered as a migrant? Depends on who is asking the question Typically crossing of a county boundary How do we mean by permanent? Typically longer than half a year Census question: What 's your residence 5 years ago? In-migration: migration of persons to an area of destination Out-migration: migration of persons from an area of origin Return migration: migration of persons back to their area of origin at some time after their initial out-migration
Definition of Migration • Migration: the permanent change in residence. • How far does a person have to move to be considered as a migrant? • Depends on who is asking the question • Typically crossing of a county boundary • How do we mean by permanent? • Typically longer than half a year. • Census question: What’s your residence 5 years ago? • In-migration: migration of persons to an area of destination. • Out-migration: migration of persons from an area of origin. • Return migration: migration of persons back to their area of origin at some time after their initial out-migration
Definition of Migration Net migration. the number of in-migrants minus the number of out-migrants Gross migration. the sum of migration for an area and is comprised of the in-migration into the area plus the out migration from the area in-migration rate(MR)=(/P)*1,000 out-migration rate(OMR)=(0/P)*1,000 net migration rate( NMR)=[(-O)/Pl* 1,000 gross migration rate(GMR)=[(+O)/P]* 1,000
Definition of Migration • Net migration: the number of in-migrants minus the number of out-migrants. • Gross migration: the sum of migration for an area and is comprised of the in-migration into the area plus the outmigration from the area. • in-migration rate (IMR) = (I / P) ∗ 1,000 • out-migration rate (OMR) = (O / P) ∗ 1,000 • net migration rate (NMR) = [(I – O) / P] ∗ 1,000 • gross migration rate (GMR) = [(I + O) / P] ∗ 1,000
Table 6.1. State-to-state domestic migration between 1995 and 2000: California. Nevada. New York and Texas Migration flows State In-migrants Out-migrants Gross migrants Net migrants California 1. 448. 964 2.204.500 3,653,464 -755,536 Nevada 466.123 232.189 698,312 233.934 New York726,4771.600.725 2,327,202 874,246 T exas 1,3628491,214609 2.577458 148,240 Migration measures State IMR OMR GMR NMR MER California471717118.8-24.6-20.7 evada 301.8150.3452.1151.533.5 New York40.689.4130.0-48.8-37.5 Texas 74.266.1140.3 8.1 5.8 IMR= In-migration rate OMR Out-migration rate GMR= Gross migration rate NMR= Net migration rate MER= Migration efficiency ratio Source: Franklin. 2003