3. Experiment cytological period (1900-1950) (1) Used experiments and analysis methods in cytological studies extensively W. Roux 1907, frog s embryo(two cells)were seperated and de structured one of the embryo cells, then continue feed and developed Harrison 1909. nerve cells culture A Carrel 1912 chichen Myoblast embryo culture (2)The convergence of cytology with other branches of biology formed some branches of cytology Cytogenetics:1900-30s hot topic 1901K. Correns and h de Vries reconfirmed the Genetic principle and the concept of heritable factors of Gregor Mendel (1865) 1910 Thomas Morgan: Gene theory
3. Experiment cytological period (1900-1950) (1) Used experiments and analysis methods in cytological studies extensively W. Roux 1907, frog s embryo (two cells) were seperated and de structured one of the embryo cells, then continue feed and developed Harrison 1909, nerve cells culture A Carrel 1912 chichen Myoblast embryo culture (2) The convergence of cytology with other branches of biology formed some branches of cytology : Cytogenetics: 1900-30s hot topic 1901 K.Correns and H. De Vries reconfirmed the Genetic principle and the concept of heritable factors of Gregor Mendel (1865) 1910 Thomas Morgan: Gene theory
Cytophysiology: o Danielli Davson: Sandwich biomembrane model(1935) Cell Biochemistry( Cytochemistry): 1930s-50s hot topic Metabolism and the principles of bioenergetics -mitochandria and aerobic respiration The study and argument about the nature of gene 1941 Beadle: one gene, one enzyme 19440T Avery: identified that the transforming principles of bacterium that causes pneumonia is DNA as the carriers of genetic information 4 1930,40S, Bohr, DelbrUck and E SchrOdinger etal, many young physicists turned to investigate genetic nature study on the 3-dimension structure of large biomolecules protein and DNA, to find " other physic principles Application of Electromicroscopy
Cytophysiology: Danielli & Davson: Sandwich biomembrane model (1935) Cell Biochemistry (Cytochemistry): 1930s-50s hot topic Metabolism and the principles of bioenergetics —mitochandria and aerobic respiration The study and argument about the nature of gene— 1941 Beadle: one gene, one enzyme 1944 O.T.Avery: identified that the transforming principles of bacterium that causes pneumonia is DNA as the carriers of genetic information 1930,40s, Bohr, DelbrÜck and E. SchrÖdinger etal, many young physicists turned to investigate genetic nature, study on the 3-dimension structure of large biomolecules, protein and DNA, to find “other physic principles” Application of Electromicroscopy
4. Cell biology period(1950-) Cell biology-it formed mainly owing to development electromicroscopy and molecular biology After a lot of experiment and arguments, 1952, the concept DNA as the carriers of genetic Information was believed suddenly and extensively 1953, Wilkins and Franklin's X-ray crystallography of DNA and j Watson and f crick a double-stranded helix model of dna
4. Cell biology period (1950-) Cell biology-it formed mainly owing to development electromicroscopy and molecular biology After a lot of experiment and arguments, 1952, the concept “ DNA as the carriers of genetic Information ” was believed suddenly and extensively 1953, Wilklins and Franklin’s X-ray crystallography of DNA and J. Watson and F. Crick: a double-stranded helix model of DNA
The Watson- Crick Model structure of DNA gave new meaning to the words genes and Chromosomes -to the chromosome theory of inheritance: the genetic information in the chromosomes. must be encoded in the nucleotide sequence of the molecule-and also gave a molecular explanation for life's unique properties of reproduction and inheritance as well metabolic regulations gave a common molecular basis and new spirit for cytology, genetics, embryology and neuron science etc all branches of biology, which develop further and be reformed to cell biology, molecular genetics, developmental biology, neurobiology etc. The Watson-Crick Model structure of DNA opens then the door leading to transform genes and to remold the world with genes. 1973 S. Cohen and H. Boyer established DNA recombination technique independently
The Watson - Crick Model structure of DNA gave new meaning to the words genes and Chromosomes –to the chromosome theory of inheritance: the genetic information in the chromosomes must be encoded in the nucleotide sequence of the molecule-and also gave a molecular explanation for life’s unique properties of reproduction and inheritance as well metabolic regulations gave a common molecular basis and new spirit for cytology, genetics, embryology and neuron science etc all branches of biology, which develop further and be reformed to cell biology, molecular genetics, developmental biology, neurobiology etc. The Watson - Crick Model structure of DNA opens then the door leading to transform genes and to remold the world with genes. 1973 S. Cohen and H. Boyer established DNA recombination technique independently
Molecular Biology and Cell Biology make up the most important basis of the modern life science and biotechnology. In the past half century, Biology, particularly, molecular biology and cell biology develop parallel with physics, especially information science. Today, biology including cell, biology is uniting with information science and is converging with modern physics science in the most complicated life system. The 21 th century, Cell Biology is being in a new development period Milestones 1997 Wilmut: clone sheep dolly Human Genome Project is to be in success soon
Molecular Biology and Cell Biology make up the most important basis of the modern life science and biotechnology. In the past half century, Biology, particularly, molecular biology and cell biology develop parallel with physics, especially information science. Today, biology including cell biology is uniting with information science and is converging with modern physics science in the most complicated life system. The 21th century, Cell Biology is being in a new development period Milestones: 1997 Wilmut: clone sheep Dolly Human Genome Project is to be in success soon