Hydrocarbons 自秋不转大对 视中院 Oxygen-Containing alkane 烷烃-c- alcohol OH alkene r 烯烃 OH akn炔烃 CC一 phenol dien 二烯烃 Carboxylic Acid ether Derivatives are 芳香烃 carboxylic acid halide epoxide 脂环烃 A Carboxylic acid anhydride Halogen-Containing ketone 卤代烷烃 alkyl halide ester aldehyde 卤代芳烃 aryl halide amide carboxylic acid
烷烃 烯烃 炔烃 芳香烃 二烯烃 脂环烃 卤代烷烃 卤代芳烃
Functional Groups官能团 ■含氧化合物Containing O凶ygen 醇、酚、醚、醛、酮、醌 Alcohols R-OH;Phenols Ar-OH;Ethers R-O-R; Aldehydes,Ketones ,Quinones R(H)C=O,R2 C=O 羧酸、酯、酰胺、酸酐、酰卤 Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives Acid chlorides;Acid Anhydrides;Amides;Esters RCOOH,RCOOR',RCONR',RCOX
Functional Groups官能团 ◼含氧化合物 Containing Oxygen 醇、酚、醚、醛、酮、醌 ⚫ Alcohols R-OH；Phenols Ar-OH； Ethers R-O-R； ⚫ Aldehydes, Ketones ,Quinones R(H)C=O, R2 C=O 羧酸、酯、酰胺、酸酐、酰卤 ⚫ Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives ⚫ Acid chlorides; Acid Anhydrides; Amides; Esters ◼ RCOOH, RCOOR’, RCONR’2 , RCOX
Recognition of functional groups Nitrogen-Containing 含氮化合物Contai ■ amine ●胺Amines:RNH2yR 胺 ●亚胺Imines:-C=NH nitrile ●腈Nitrile:RCN(-CN 腈 - -C ●硝基Nitro compound ●亚硝基Nitroso comp( 硝基 nitro ●偶氨和重氮化合物一N= ●硝酸酯R-ONO2 亚胺 ●亚硝酸酯R-ONO imine
Recognition of functional groups 官能团 ◼含氮化合物 Containing Nitrogen: ⚫ 胺 Amines: RNH2 , R2NH, R3N, （R4N+X-） ⚫ 亚胺 Imines: -C=NH, -C=NR; ⚫ 腈 Nitrile: RCN (-CN, cyano group ) ⚫ 硝基 Nitro compounds R-NO2 ⚫ 亚硝基 Nitroso compounds R-NO ⚫偶氮和重氮化合物 －N=N－，－N三N＋ ⚫硝酸酯 R-ONO2 ⚫亚硝酸酯 R-ONO
Sulfur-Contairg sulfide 硫醚 R+十X thiol 硫醇 sulfoxide 亚砜 6- 砜 sulfone 硫代酯 thioester -68-s-
官能团 ◼Containing halogen ⚫Alkyl Halides +R-X - R+ + X- ◼Containing Sulfur ⚫磺酸 －SO3H； ⚫硫醇 Thiols ⚫硫酚 Thiophenol－SH
Functional Groups官能团 Containing Phosphorus Containing Boron ■( Containing Silicon Other compounds: Heterocyclic compounds ,Fats,Lipids Carbohydrates Amino acids;peptides;Proteins
Functional Groups官能团 ◼Containing Phosphorus ◼Containing Boron ◼Containing Silicon ◼Other compounds: ◼Heterocyclic compounds ,Fats,Lipids ◼Carbohydrates ◼Amino acids; peptides; Proteins