,roq@r (arelif-oguen. GarenE-conen. Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific Pacific Spaces:Comparisons and Connections Maritime history not only concerns with trans-oceanic activities,human mobility and trade,more importantly it also reminds us that land-rooted people,animals and plants have always been drifting across the oceans for millions of years. The ocean is both an impediment and a highway for the connection and exchange of life forms and species. The tale of ginseng is yet another such example
• Maritime history not only concerns with trans-oceanic activities, human mobility and trade, more importantly it also reminds us that land-rooted people, animals and plants have always been drifting across the oceans for millions of years. I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific i. Pacific Spaces: Comparisons and Connections • The ocean is both an impediment and a highway for the connection and exchange of life forms and species. • The tale of ginseng is yet another such example
("/t-Dgc/2. Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific Pacific Spaces:Comparisons and Connections This is a study of the evolving story of ginseng (Latin name:panax ginseng) in the early modern period, during which this medicinally-employed root plant originally discovered in China,due to the geographic expansion of human activities,began to take on first a "foreign"properties (the Korean ginseng),then a "maritime" element (the American ginseng). Although many alleged that the Chinese knowledge and use of ginseng had a long history that may go back thousands of years,its significant expansion in pharmaceutical applications,thus its role in maritime trade, has only a short history (less than five centuries)
• This is a study of the evolving story of ginseng (Latin name: panax ginseng) in the early modern period, • during which this medicinally-employed root plant originally discovered in China, due to the geographic expansion of human activities, began to take on first a “foreign” properties (the Korean ginseng), then a “maritime” element (the American ginseng). • Although many alleged that the Chinese knowledge and use of ginseng had a long history that may go back thousands of years, its significant expansion in pharmaceutical applications, thus its role in maritime trade, has only a short history (less than five centuries). I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific i. Pacific Spaces: Comparisons and Connections
Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific ii。 Early Modern and Modern Times Hong Kong herbalist store ● In the 1990s,over 75 percent of ginseng grown in North America is shipped to Hong Kong.It is estimated that 80 percent of the ginseng traded in Hong Kong is re-exported to China.The other 20 percent is redistributed to the Chinese diasporas or used for local consumption According to CITES(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species)Annual Report data,Canada exported 2,442 tons of wild and cultivated North American ginseng root to Hong Kong from 1980 to 1996 while the United States exported nearly 9,000tons
• In the 1990s, over 75 percent of ginseng grown in North America is shipped to Hong Kong. It is estimated that 80 percent of the ginseng traded in Hong Kong is re-exported to China. The other 20 percent is redistributed to the Chinese diasporas or used for local consumption • According to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) Annual Report data, Canada exported 2,442 tons of wild and cultivated North American ginseng root to Hong Kong from 1980 to 1996 while the United States exported nearly 9,000 tons. I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific ii. Early Modern and Modern Times Hong Kong herbalist store
c、-76r(c7/"e1-Ogtc. 1. Ocean Connects-the Case of the Pacific aTrepote GarenE-conen. Early Modern and Modern Times Ginseng in Namdaemun Market,Seoul,South Korea Rapidly Changing Value of Ginseng in the 18th Century Year Price 1714 10 times the weight of silver 1750 16 times 1763 32 times 1782 85 times 1796 300 times
Ginseng in Namdaemun Market, Seoul, South Korea Year Price 1714 10 times the weight of silver 1750 16 times 1763 32 times 1782 85 times 1796 300 times Rapidly Changing Value of Ginseng in the 18th Century I. Ocean Connects — the Case of the Pacific ii. Early Modern and Modern Times
、2-e话aa2er7/汤c儿-：c以、7teEr ("/(-D7c. fareliane a Canaia Il.The Tale of Ginseng:A Curious History Korean White Ginseng Wang Shih-min(1592-1680).View of Chang-pai Mountains.Courtesy of National Palace Museum,Beijing
II. The Tale of Ginseng: A Curious History Wang Shih-min (1592-1680). View of Chang-pai Mountains. Courtesy of National Palace Museum, Beijing. Korean White Ginseng