Chapter 4:The Origin ofModern Astronomy
The Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter 4:
AncientGreekAstronomv古希腊天文Modelsweregenerallywrongbecausetheywerebasedonwrong“firstprinciples",believedto be“obvious”andnotquestioned：（所依据的“根本原理”是错误而不可质疑的，因而模型也是错误的。）1.GeocentricUniverse（地心宇宙）：EarthattheCenter ofthe Universe.2.“PerfectHeavens”（完美的天空）：Motions of all celestial bodies describedbymotions involvingobjectsof"perfect"shape,i.e.,spheresorcircles天体及其运动是完美的球型或圆
Ancient Greek Astronomy古希腊天文 • Models were generally wrong because they were based on wrong “first principles”, believed to be “obvious” and not questioned:（所依据的“根本原理”是错误而 不可质疑的，因而模型也是错误的。） 1. Geocentric Universe（地心宇宙）: Earth at the Center of the Universe. 2. “Perfect Heavens”（完美的天空）: Motions of all celestial bodies described by motions involving objects of “perfect” shape, i.e., spheres or circles. 天体及其运动是完美的球型或圆
Ancient Greek AstronomersAristotle亚里士多德(384-322B.C.),majorEAAAZauthority of philosophy until thelate middleages:Universecanbedividedin2parts:WTOTEAHW（宇宙分成两部分）1.Imperfect,changeableEarth（不完美的，可变的地球），APAXMH2.Perfect Heavens (described byspheres)（完美的天空；球对称）@2006 Brooks/Cole-Thomsor
Ancient Greek Astronomers Aristotle 亚里士多德 (384 – 322 B.C.), major authority of philosophy until the late middle ages: Universe can be divided in 2 parts: （宇宙分成两部分） 1. Imperfect, changeable Earth （不完美的，可变的地球）, 2. Perfect Heavens (described by spheres)（完美的天空；球对称）
IssuesofAncientAstronomy(l)古天文的问题Fundamentalargumentforthegeocentricuniverse地心宇宙的依据：Seen bylefteyeSeenby right eyeMotionofEarthshouldresultinanobservableparallax,whichwasnotseen如果地球运动，应该有视差，但没看到
Issues of Ancient Astronomy (I) 古天文的问题 Fundamental argument for the geocentric universe 地心宇宙的依据: Motion of Earth should result in an observable parallax, which was not seen. 如果地球运动，应该有视差，但没看到
IssuesofAncientAstronomy(ll)古天文的问题Theretrograde退行（westward)motionoftheplanets行星相对于背景星空（天球）退行的现象EcliptioWestEastPlanetPathofMarsat4-dayintonvatsRetrogrademotionoccurshereoEpicycleEarthEquantThe“solution":Epicycles!解决办法”：本轮Deferent02900
Issues of Ancient Astronomy (II) 古天文的问题 The retrograde 退行 (westward) motion of the planets 行星相对于背景星空（天球）退行的现象 The “solution”: Epicycles! “解决办法”：本轮