Chapter7:TheSun-OurStar@2006Brooks/Cole-Thomson
The Sun – Our Star Chapter 7:
GeneralProperties般性质·Average star普通恒星·Spectral typeG2光谱类型G2·Only appears so bright because it is so close.太近,所以显得亮.109times Earth'sdiameter直径是地球的100倍.333,000timesEarth'smass质量是地球的30万倍.Consists entirely ofgas(av.density=1.4g/cm3)全部由气体组成,平均密度每立方厘米1.4克.Centraltemperature=15millionK中心温度1500万度·Surfacetemperature=5800K表面温度5800度
General Properties 一般性质 • Average star 普通恒星 • Central temperature = 15 million K 中心温度1500万度 • 333,000 times Earth’s mass 质量是地球的30万倍 • 109 times Earth’s diameter 直径是地球的100倍 • Consists entirely of gas (av. density = 1.4 g/cm3 ) 全部由气体组成,平均密度每立方厘米1.4克 • Only appears so bright because it is so close. 太近,所以显得亮 • Spectral type G2 光谱类型G2 • Surface temperature = 5800 K 表面温度5800度
ThePhotosphere光球层(肉眼看见的太阳)·Apparent surfacelayerof thesun太阳的视表面层·Depth=500km深度500公里·Temperature=5800K温度5800度·Highlyopaque(Hions)不透明·Absorbs and re-emits radiationproduced inthesolarinterior吸收并再发射中心产生的辐射(光子)ThesolarcoronaChromospherePhotosphere日冕
The Photosphere 光球层 The solar corona 日冕 • Depth ≈ 500 km 深度500公里 • Temperature ≈ 5800 K 温度5800度 • Apparent surface layer of the sun 太阳的视表面层(肉眼看见的太阳) • Highly opaque (Hions) 不透明 • Absorbs and re-emits radiation produced in the solar interior 吸收并再发射中心产生的辐射(光子)
Energy Transport in the Photosphere光球层的能量传输Energy generated in the sun's center must be transported outward.在太阳中心产生的能量必须象外传输Inthephotosphere,thishappensthrough在光球层,通过Convection 对流:Coolgas sinkingdownBubblesofhotgasrising冷气体下沉up热气团上升GranuleBubbleslastfor10-20min热气团持续10-~1000km20分钟RisinggasSinking gas
Energy Transport in the Photosphere 光球层的能量传输 Energy generated in the sun’s center must be transported outward. 在太阳中心产生的能量必须象外传输 Convection 对流: Bubbles of hot gas rising up 热气团上升 Cool gas sinking down 冷气体下沉 In the photosphere, this happens through 在光球层,通过 ≈ 1000 km Bubbles last for ≈ 10 – 20 min. 热气团持续10- 20分钟
Granulation米粒Visual-wavelength imageae2006Brooks/Cole:Thomso..是对流效应的可视结果
Granulation米粒 . is the visible consequence of convection .是对流效应的可视结果