雷德福对质量管理的贡献 雷德福(G.S.Radford)发展了泰勒的理论。 两个最重要的贡献： 1、在产品的设计阶段就开始考虑产品质量的现点 2、把提高产品质量和生产率同降低成本结合起来的思想。 质量管理学一振华港机工程硕士 1:质量管理的历史、演绎 福特：现代工业的创始人 -Leadership Vision 领导及目标 -Standardization of Work 工作的标准化 -Continuous Improvement 不断改进 -1908-First Model T -Material Flow 物流 1915-The One Millionth Car -Employee Development 1921-The Five Millionth Car 员工发展 1924-The Ten Millionth Car ■By1926: 52 Different Businesses CAR OF T附BGs射TURY2 88 Operating Plants Worldwide -200,000 Employees 质量管理学一振华港机工程硕士 1:质量管理的历史、演绎 11
11 质量管理学－振华港机工程硕士 1：质量管理的历史、演绎 雷德福(G.S.Radford)发展了泰勒的理论。 两个最重要的贡献： 1、在产品的设计阶段就开始考虑产品质量的观点 2、把提高产品质量和生产率同降低成本结合起来的思想。 雷德福对质量管理的贡献 质量管理学－振华港机工程硕士 1：质量管理的历史、演绎 福特：现代工业的创始人 Leadership & Vision Leadership & Vision 领导及目标 Standardization of Work Standardization of Work 工作的标准化 Continuous Improvement Continuous Improvement 不断改进 Material Flow Material Flow 物流 Employee Development Employee Development 员工发展 1908 - First Model T 1915 - The One Millionth Car 1921 - The Five Millionth Car 1924 - The Ten Millionth Car By 1926: 52 Different Businesses 88 Operating Plants Worldwide 200,000 Employees
福特：汽车生产流水线 1、专业化分工协作： 2、批量生产； 3、$950→$280 4、在美国销售 15,500,000辆 1、1908年发明汽车生产流水线； 2、将T型车的生产分解为7882道工序； 3、装配时间：12.50小时→5.80小时 质量管理学一振华港机工程硕士 1:质量管理的历史、演绎 质量检验阶段：模型 口在出厂或运送至顾客之前检验 口对质量的实质认识： 与规范的符合性 规范、标准 过程 用户 输入 输出 废品 质量管理学一振华港机工程硕士 1:质量管理的历史、演绎 12
12 质量管理学－振华港机工程硕士 1：质量管理的历史、演绎 福特：汽车生产流水线 1、1908年发明汽车生产流水线； 2、将T型车的生产分解为7882道工序； 3、装配时间：12.50小时 Æ 5.80小时 1、专业化分工协作； 2、批量生产； 3、$950 Æ $280 4、在美国销售 15,500,000辆 质量管理学－振华港机工程硕士 1：质量管理的历史、演绎 输入 输出 过程 规范、标准 废品 用户 质量检验阶段：模型 在出厂或运送至顾客之前检验 对质量的实质认识: — 与规范的符合性
泰勒生平：练习，请统计以下文字中的“妇” Taylor was born in Germantown,Pennsylvania.In 1878,he began working at the Midvale Steel Company.As he rose to become foreman of the steel plant,he started to apply himself to thoughts about efficiency and productivity. His 'scientific principles'were those of systematic study,analysis and the assumption of causal relationships that could be derived and subsequently managed.e.g.the relationship between incentives and effort.He assumed that working systems were generally inefficient-largely because no-one had bothered to make them efficient-and that workers were naturally inclined to be lazy and inefficient-since this was in their own best interest. Therefore managers had to overcome this natural reluctance to put in maximum effort and offer incentives so that worker effort was in the interests of both the company and the worker. 质量管理学一振华港机工程硕士 1:质量管理的历史、演绎 泰勒生平：练习，请统计以下文字中的“妇” Taylor was born in Germantown,Pennsylvania.In 1878,he began working at the Midvale Steel Company.As he rose to become foreman of the steel plant,he started to apply himself to thoughts 2 about efficiency and productivity. 3 His 'scientific principles'were those of systematic study,analysis and the assumption of causal relationships that could be derived and subsequently managed.e.g.the relationship between incentives and effort.He assumed that working systems were 4 generally inefficient-largely because no-one had bothered to make them efficient-and that workers were naturally inclined to 3 be lazy and inefficient-since this was in their own best interest. 6 Therefore managers had to overcome this natural reluctance to put 4 in maximum effort and offer incentives so that worker effort was in the interests of both the company and the worker. 质量管理学一振华港机工程硕士 1:质量管理的历史、演绎 13
13 质量管理学－振华港机工程硕士 1：质量管理的历史、演绎 泰勒生平：练习，请统计以下文字中的“a” Taylor was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania. In 1878, he began Taylor was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania. In 1878, he began working at the Midvale Steel Company. As he rose to become working at the Midvale Steel Company. As he rose to become foreman of the steel plant, he started to apply himself to thoughts about efficiency and productivity. about efficiency and productivity. His 'scientific principles' were those of systematic study, anal His 'scientific principles' were those of systematic study, analysis and the assumption of causal relationships that could be derived and subsequently managed. e.g. the relationship between and subsequently managed. e.g. the relationship between incentives and effort. He assumed that working systems were med that working systems were generally inefficient generally inefficient - largely because no-one had bothered to one had bothered to make them efficient make them efficient - and that workers were naturally inclined to and that workers were naturally inclined to be lazy and inefficient be lazy and inefficient - since this was in their own best interest. since this was in their own best interest. Therefore managers had to overcome this natural reluctance to put in maximum effort and offer incentives so that worker effort was in the interests of both the company and the worker. the interests of both the company and the worker. 质量管理学－振华港机工程硕士 1：质量管理的历史、演绎 泰勒生平：练习，请统计以下文字中的“a” Taylor was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania. In 1878, he began working working at the Midvale Steel Company. As he rose to become s he rose to become foreman of the steel pl n of the steel plant, he st nt, he started to rted to apply himself to thoughts pply himself to thoughts about efficiency bout efficiency and productivity. nd productivity. His 'scientific principles' were those of systematic study, tic study, analysis and the assumption of causal relationships that could be derived t could be derived and subsequently managed. e.g. the rel ged. e.g. the relationship between tionship between incentives incentives and effort. He nd effort. He assumed that working systems were t working systems were generally inefficient lly inefficient - largely because no-one had bothered to d bothered to make them efficient ke them efficient - and that workers were naturally inclined to lly inclined to be lazy and inefficient nd inefficient - since this was in their own best interest. s in their own best interest. Therefore managers had to overcome this natural reluct l reluctance to put nce to put in maximum effort ximum effort and offer incentives so that worker effort was in the interests of both the company and the worker. nd the worker. 6 4 4 2 3 6 4 3 4 5 3 6 4 2 56
质量检验阶段质量管理的不足 产品质量依赖于产品完工之后的检验来保证，属 “事后把关”，即使查出了废次品，既成事实的损 失已无法挽回； 2 采取全数检验的办法把关，量大面广，耗费资 源，增加成本，不利于生产率的提高。 3 有些产品的检验属破坏性检验。 这种客现矛盾促使人们去探寻质量管理的新思路和新方法 质量管理学一振华港机工程硕士 1:质量管理的历史、演绎 质量检验阶段：质量管理的特点与局限性 特 口计划职能与执行职能分开； 点 口专职检验人员的把关作用： 口劳动生产率提高 局 事后检验，不能预防废品的产生： 限 不能减少因废品而造成的损失； 质量管理学一振华港机工程硕士 1:质量管理的历史、演绎 14
14 质量管理学－振华港机工程硕士 1：质量管理的历史、演绎 质量检验阶段质量管理的不足 产品质量依赖于产品完工之后的检验来保证，属 “事后把关”，即使查出了废次品，既成事实的损 失已无法挽回； 1 采取全数检验的办法把关，量大面广，耗费资 2 源，增加成本，不利于生产率的提高。 3 有些产品的检验属破坏性检验。 这种客观矛盾促使人们去探寻质量管理的新思路和新方法 质量管理学－振华港机工程硕士 1：质量管理的历史、演绎 质量检验阶段：质量管理的特点与局限性 计划职能与执行职能分开； 专职检验人员的把关作用； 劳动生产率提高； 计划职能与执行职能分开； 专职检验人员的把关作用； 劳动生产率提高； 事后检验，不能预防废品的产生； 不能减少因废品而造成的损失； 事后检验，不能预防废品的产生； 不能减少因废品而造成的损失； 特 点 特 点 局 限 局 限
统计质量控制阶段：综述 大批量生产条件下的产品检验需要统计技术 公差配合 产品抽样检验 过程控制图 可靠性分析与控制 质量管理学一振华港机工程硕士 1:质量管理的历史、演绎 统计质量控制的发展：公差和统计 18405,单侧检验 一些国家相继制订并发布了 公差标准，以保证批量产品 18705,双侧检验 的互换性和质量的一致性。 。1907年，英国BS27公差标准 口1924年，贝尔实验室的统计数理专 家休哈特W.A.Shewhart)制定了 人们开始研究概率论和数理 统计控制表。 统计在质量管理中的应用。 1930年，贝尔实验室的道奇(HF Dodge)和罗米格(H-GRomig)编制 了抽样数表。 可第二次世界大战统计质量控制方 法得到广泛应用。美国政府要求供 (W.A.Shewhart) 货商都要采用这些方法。 质量管理学一振华港机工程硕士 1:质量管理的历史、演绎 15
15 质量管理学－振华港机工程硕士 1：质量管理的历史、演绎 统计质量控制阶段：综述 大批量生产条件下的产品检验需要统计技术 ) 公差配合 ) 产品抽样检验 ) 过程控制图 ) 可靠性分析与控制 质量管理学－振华港机工程硕士 1：质量管理的历史、演绎 统计质量控制的发展：公差和统计 一些国家相继制订并发布了 公差标准，以保证批量产品 的互换性和质量的一致性。 人们开始研究概率论和数理 统计在质量管理中的应用。 ) 1840s， 单侧检验 ) 1870s，双侧检验 ) 1907年, 英国BS27公差标准 ) 1924年,贝尔实验室的统计数理专 家休哈特(W. A. Shewhart ) 制定了 统计控制表。 )1930年,贝尔实验室的道奇(H·F Dodge)和罗米格(H·G·Romig)编制 了抽样数表。 )第二次世界大战,统计质量控制方 法得到广泛应用。美国政府要求供 货商都要采用这些方法。 (W. A. Shewhart)