CONTENTS Unle TopIcs Functional items Talking about scientific jobs Great sientists How to organize scientific research Desenbing people Contributions of scientists (appearance, charactenstics P1 Language difficulties in 2 The United Countries of the United Kingdom communication Union Jack Space: position, direction P9 Famous sites in London and distance Life in the future Prediction of the good and bad changes in the future Mak P17 Life in the future d Making the news The basic procedure of making the news Newspapers and TV programmes Making appointments P25 First aid First aid Safety in the home Medication Notes to the texts P76 Grammar P88 ppenGlc86 Words and expressions in each unit P91 canular P97
Reading Wiriting John Snow defeats"King Cholera Past Participle(1)as the Copemicus' revolutionary theory Persuasive writing: letter P41 tribute and Predicative Finding the solution Past Participle(2)as the Puzzles in geography Non-chronological P48 ject Complement Sightseeing in London A particular British celebration report: towns gui he Past Participle (3)as First impressions Imaginative writing life in the future P55 Adverbial and Attribut I have seen amazing things Rising to a challenge My first work assignme Vension Getting the"scoop Non-chronological writing: newspaper article P62 Searching for the truth First aid for burns Instructional writing Heroic teenager receives award first aid instructions for P69 Is your home safe? regular verbs P10年 hanges in international phonetic symbols for English P108
Unit Greet scientists Warming Up What do you know about great scientis f -ey Try this quiz and find out who knows the Quiz Questions Answer I Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force hat helps them float? 2 Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed? Who invented the first steam engine? 4 Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children? Who discovered radium? 6 Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? 7 Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? 8 Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground 9 Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? 10 Who put forward a theory about black holes? Pre-reading I What do you know about infectious diseases? What do you know about cholera? stages in examining a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in? I groups the 2 Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? Discuss in sma Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make up a question Find a problem Analyse the results Repeat if necessar After reading the following passage, put the correct stages into the reading about research into a disease
Unit 1 Great scientists Reading e JOHN SNOW DEFEATS"KING CHOLERA John Snow was a well-known doctor in London-so famous. indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies, But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera This was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. a cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person was dead. He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, John Snow was ready to test these two theories As the disease spread quickly through the poor neighbourhoods, John Snow began to gather the information. He found that in two particular streets. the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days He determined to find out why. He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived. Here it is: 1-可 The map gave a valuable clue about the lal良l cause of the disease. Many of the deaths BROAD STREET ELl were near the water pump in BroadStreet ÷首=l1 (especially numbers 16, 37 38 and 40 E[自cms20md21Bad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He discovered that these families worked in the pub at 出山上,巴当 7Cambridge Street. They were given free beer and so had not drunk the Note:-: I death PH: public house 30 31,. numbers of houses water from the Broad Street pump. It seemed the water was to blame Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river, which had been polluted by the dirty water from London. Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used 2
Unit 1 Great scientists Soon the disease began to slow down. John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs nd not in a cloud of gas. In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water so much that she had had it delivered from the pump to her house every day. Both she and her daughter, who often visited her, died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore. Finally"King Cholera"was defeated Comprehending 1 Fill in the chart after reading the passage Scientific Report by John Snow The problem Idea l cause The method The results Idea I or 2? Why? The conclusion 2 Read the passage again and answer these questions I Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today Why? 2 John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it? 3 Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason 3 Choose one of the paragraphs of the passage. Read it aloud fluently to show that you understand it very well