Learning about Language Discovering usefu/ words and expressions 1 Choose the correct words or expressions to complete this passage instruct anno look into put forward immediately Li Heping was a famous football player, but his career came to an end when he became very ill The doctor him but could not find the cause of this illness. He the theory that Li Heping had been to a new virus. He knew he would not be able to but promised he would the possibility of finding one in the future. Sadly, Li Heping that he would take up a new career to footballers in planning for their future. At his last match he thanked his fans for their support and concluded by singing the popular song: "Thanks for the memory 2 Sometimes in English we put the verb make with a noun instead of using a simple verb; for example, make a mistake instead of to mistake. Look at these simple verb and make another construction using make +a+ noun. Add two more of your own to telephone to decide to plan tocontribute to be noisy to change to desc 3 In English verbs like make are very active and useful. Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. Can you make sentences with each of them? make a face friends make money phone calls make sure make up one's mind make the bed make room for Discovering useful structures 1 Look at the following sentences where the past participle is used EXAMPLE: So many thousands of terrified people died.(Attribute) Now find two more examples in the reading passage 4
Unit 1 Great scientists EXAMPLE: But he became inspired when he thought about helping orinary people.(Predicative Now find two more examples in the reading passage. 2 Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning. Past Participle as the Attribute Past Participle as the Predicative I terrified people 2 reserved seats 3 polluted water 4 a crowded room a pleased winner 6 6 children who look astonished 7 a vase that is broken 8 a door that is closed 9 9 the audience who feel tired 10 an animal that is trapped 3 Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative. I He got about losing the money. 2 Why do you always look so Do you sleep well these days? 3 Iwas with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 4 Everybody was to hear the death of the famous film star 5 The children are really about going to the zoo 6 His wound became with a new virus a6enBue7 buis Listening and speaking Qian Xuesen is one of the best-known scientists in China. His work has been very important for the development of China. Yu Ping is telling her friend Steve Smith about Qian xuesen life. Listen to the tape and then answer the questions 5
Unit 1 Great scientists I What did Qian Xuesen study first? What experience did he get in America that was very useful for China? 3 What was Qian Xuesen's achievement when he returned to China from America? 4 How has he been honoured in China? 5 How would Steve honour him? 2 In pairs discuss what scientific job each of you would like to choose in the future These questions may help you What job do you want to do? What education will you need? What personality will be needed? How long will the training take? What work experience would be useful? How will you prepare for this career? These expressions may help y always wanted to…. because… The experience I will need is. I might find it difficult to I need to practise… My greatest problem will be to I will need to be /become patient, creative, hard-working, co-operative, confident, brave positive, pleasant, polite, determined, energetic, strict with Reading and writing coPERNICUS' REVOLUTIONARY THEORY Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at
Unit 1 Great scientists others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 15 4 he worked on it. gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planet and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543. Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked Yet Copernicus theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea ol gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking 1 Use the reading to help you draw the two theories of the universe Before Copernicus'theory Showing Copernicus theory 2 If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? Give a reason 3 Now write a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them First you need to collect your ideas. For example: e He believes his new theory is true. o There are problems with the present theory
Unit 1 Great scientists o He has done many years of observations to prove his new theory is true e Science can not develop unless people publish their ideas o Time will show if his theory is true or not Here is a pla Beginning: Tell Copernicus who you are and why you want him to publish his ideas Paragraph 1: Reason I and evidence Paragraph 2: Reason 2 and evidence. Summing up: Ask him to think again about publishing his ideas SUMMING LIP Think about what you have read and practised in this unit Then tick the boxes I have learned I need to learn this wc morc I have learned about o the stages in how john Snow carried out the first experiment in public health care how to use the past participle as attribute ond predicative the importance of Qian Xuesen ro space travel in Chino the importance of Copernicus for the development of astronomy in Europe LEARNING TIP Persuasive writing is about changing somebody else's point of view. When you are doing this kind of writing, you must always have some evidence to support your idea. To make this easier, you can hold discussions with your family and friends. Give your ideas and reasons to them whenever you are making choices You may argue with them and try to persuade them. Then you will find it easier to do your persuasive writing However, when you are writing, do not forget to plan your work and put your ideas in a logical order