高等职业技术教育试用教材编委会名单 主任孙秋玉 主任靳和连林为群马东霄佟刚韩梅 委员李贤彬张凯良曲衍国孔令来 申荣卫吴宗保侯建生吴兴敏 毛峰张红伟 本书主编宋红英 本书参编何宝文侯江丽 本书审稿张红伟
丽言 近年来,我国的汽车工业迅猛发展,汽车的保有量逐年增加。随着中囻加入WT,大 量汽车涌入国内,汽车行业与国外的技术交流也日益頻繁,大量的英文技术资料需要阅读。 为了适应形势的发展,并且配合基础英语的教学,我们编写了这本《汽车专业英语》。它可 以作为工科院校汽车专业的教材,通过学习,使学生掌握一定数量的专业词汇,提高英语的 应用能力。本书也可以作为汽车专业技术人员的参考资料。 本书内容为汽车专业英诸,以汽车的构造为主,全书共分为四章。第一章为发动机的构 造及工作原理,共扛个单元;第二章为汽车底盘的构造及工作原理,共六个单元;第三章为 汽车的电控系统,共六个单元;第四章为汽车的维修与保养设备,共六个单元。每个单元包 括课文、词汇和注释等。有的课文配有图表,课文中出现的一些长句和难句都在课文后面加 了注释,另外书后还附有总词汇表、汽车英文标牌、常用汽车英文缩写、继电器。 该书的学习建议在基础英语的学习之后开始,通过对本书的学习,可以进一步巩固学生 已掌握的词汇和语法知识,扩大专业词汇量,从而掌握阅读专业英语的方法,为将来获取相 关的专业信息打下良好的基础。 本书由邢台职业技术学院宋红英、何宝文和侯江丽编写,由辽宁省交通髙等专科学校张 红伟审稿,并得到了机械工业出版社的大力支持,在此表示感谢。 由于作者水平有限,错误在所难免,敬请广大读者给予批评指。 高等职业技术教育试用教材编委会
CONTENTS Chapter One Engine System Unit Four Automatic Transmission Unit One: Engine Unit Five Antilock Braking System(ABS) Unit Two Connecting Rods and Crankshaft………5 Unit Six Supplement Restraint System Unit Three Valve Gear 9 Chapter Four Automobile Servicing Unit Four Engine Cooling System Unit Five Engine Labrication System …15 Unit One TranX200(1) pter Two Chassis Syster Unit Two TranX2000TM2)( Continued) Unit One Clutch Unit Three TranX2000TM3)( Contirmuex Lnit Two Atomobile Transmission Uni Four Bosch Mol Seres Motortesters "........69 Unit Three Steering System 27 Unit Five Fluke 98 Unit Four Automobile brakes Lnuit Six Brief Introduction to Sorme Unit Five Frame and Suspension E Chapter Tree Electronic Control Appendix I Vocabulary… Unit One Electronic Control System I The Names of Cars I:nit Two Electronic Fuel Injection System Ⅲ the Abbreviation Unit Three Electronic Ignition System
Chapter One Engine System Unit One Engine O all automobile components, an automobile engine is the most complicated assembly with dominant eflects on the function of an automobile. So, the engine is generally called the"heart"of an automobile There are actually various types of engines such as eleetrie motors, stream engines, and internal combustion engines. The intemal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the au tomotive field. The intemal combustion engine, as its nane indicates. bums fuei within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle Engine is the power source of the automobile. Power is prduced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. However, this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks. The piston attached to the top of a connecting md by a pin, called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the: connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft. The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion. The connecting rod is mount ed on the crankshaft with large bearings called rud bearings, Similar bearings, called main bearings, are used to mount the crankshaft in the block, Shown in Fig 1-1 The diameter of the cylinder is called the engine bore. Displacement and compression ratio are two Fig 1-1 The engine co spark plug inlake valve exhaust valve -lifter 7-carnshaft gear-wheel 8-crankshaft pulley y--crsnkshaft timing gur 10--camshaft flywheel 14--ennecting rod 15--eyliixker blk
frequently used engine specification. Displacement indicates engine size, and compression ratio cor the total cylinder volume to compression chamber volume The term“ stroke" describe the movement of the pis ton within the cylinder. The oper- ating cycle may require either two or four strokes to complete. Most &l four stroke cycle als known as Otto cycle, after the name of its inventor, Nikolaus Ot to,who first applied the principle Fig 1-2 The four strokes cycle a)intake stroke b)compression stroke c)power stroke d)exhaust stroke in 1876. In the 4-stroke engine, four strokes of the piston in the cylinder are required to complete one full operating cyele. Each stroke is named after the action. It performs intake, compression, power, and exhaust in that order, shown in ig.12 The piston moves downward to the bottom dead center, a vacuum is created in the cylinder. The intake valve opens and air-fuel mixture comes into cylinder. To obtain the maximum filing of the cylinder the intake valve opens about 10 before t.d. c. giving 20 overlap. The inlet valve remain open until some 50 after b.d. c. to take advantage of mixture 2. Compression strok The air-fuel mixture is compressed within the combustion chamber. While the pres se to about IMP, depending on various factors including the compression ratio, throttle opening and engine speed. The spark plug is fired to ignite the air-fuel mixture prior to the piston being at the t d. c.. Note that both valves are closed 3. Power stroke The air-fuel mixture expands, which creates the power to force the piston downward. The exhaust valve opens near the bottom of the stroke 4. Exhaust stroke As the piston starts to move upward, the exhaust valve is opened The piston moving up forces the exhaust gases out of the cylinder. The intake valve usually opens just before the exhaust stroke This 4-stroke cycle is continuously repeated in every cylinder as long as the engine remains running A2-stroke engine also goes through four actions to complete one operating cycle. However, the intake and the compression actions are combined in one stroke, and the power and exhaust actions combined in the other stroke. The term 2-stroke cycle is preferred to the term 2-cycle, which is really not accurate