Table 5.I Instances of Bias Shown by Time Magazine in Ten-ssue Samples for Each of Three Presidents Truman Eisenhower Kennedy 93 82 45 Total Bias Tota siive ias 1 81 31 1 14 Total Negative Bas 92 SuAdapted fromJ.C.Merril,How Tm Streotyped Three U.S.Presidents,om Q4(9),p.6
CONCLUSIONS General semantics deals with the relationship between language and reality and with the ways in which language influences our thinking.General se. mantics has a number of implications for the practitioner of mass communi- cation.First,it points out the difficulty of encoding,of expressing meaning in symbols or codes.Second,it provides a basis for analyzing and talking about objectivity-a major communications concept.Third,it can help the mass com- municator-or anyone else-in sorting out information and misinformation. The general semanticists have identified some misuses of language dead-level abstracting,undue identification,two-valued evaluation,and un- conscious projection-that are widespread.Knowledge of these misuses could be very beneficial to the reporter interviewing a news source.Such knowledge could also help the consumer of mass communication-the ordinary citizen trying to cope with the daily barrage of information and misinformation from the mass media
onceptualigation Empty your mind,be formless.Shapeless,like water.If you put water into a cup,it becomes the cup.You put water into a bottle and it becomes the bottle.You put it in a teapot it becomes the teapot.Now,water can flow or it can crash.Be water my friend. -Bruce Lee
Empty your mind, be formless. Shapeless, like water. If you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle and it becomes the bottle. You put it in a teapot it becomes the teapot. Now, water can flow or it can crash. Be water my friend. — Bruce Lee
ocepiualizaiion Perception perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information.The word comes from the Latin words perceptio,percipio, and means "receiving,collecting,action of taking possession,apprehension with the mind or senses." Perception Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. Why is this important to the study of OB? Because people's behavior is based on their perception of what reality is,not on reality itself
Perception perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information. The word comes from the Latin words perceptio, percipio, and means "receiving, collecting, action of taking possession, apprehension with the mind or senses
Loucepiaalizatiou Selective perception may refer to any number of cognitive biases in psychology related to the way expectations affect perception. In one classic study on this subject related to the hostile media effect(which is itself an excellent example of selective perception),viewers watched a filmstrip of a particularly violent Princeton- Dartmouth American football game.Princeton viewers reported seeing nearly twice as many rule infractions committed by the Dartmouth team than did Dartmouth viewers.One Dartmouth alumnus did not see any infractions committed by the Dartmouth side and erroneously assumed he had been sent only part of the film,sending word requesting the rest. Selective perception is also an issue for advertisers,as consumers may engage with some ads and not others based on their pre-existing beliefs about the brand
Selective perception may refer to any number of cognitive biases in psychology related to the way expectations affect perception. In one classic study on this subject related to the hostile media effect (which is itself an excellent example of selective perception), viewers watched a filmstrip of a particularly violent PrincetonDartmouth American football game. Princeton viewers reported seeing nearly twice as many rule infractions committed by the Dartmouth team than did Dartmouth viewers. One Dartmouth alumnus did not see any infractions committed by the Dartmouth side and erroneously assumed he had been sent only part of the film, sending word requesting the rest. Selective perception is also an issue for advertisers, as consumers may engage with some ads and not others based on their pre-existing beliefs about the brand