1.2 HypothesisHypotheses shape and guide research studies inimportant ways, including ...: Identification of study sample size.Identifies what issues should be involved in datacollection·Guidestheproperanalysisofthedata·Guides data interpretation西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系
西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系 11 Hypotheses shape and guide research studies in important ways, including . • Identification of study sample size • Identifies what issues should be involved in data collection • Guides the proper analysis of the data • Guides data interpretation 1.2 Hypothesis
1.2 HypothesisKeyElements inaHypothesis.Identifyvariablesyouare interestedin:-ExposureorIntervention (risk factor,treatment)- Outcome (disease, event)·Statearelationshipbetweenthevariables-Identifya relationship between an exposure (orintervention)andtheoutcome.Thestatementmustbetestable- Frame the hypothesis to answer a question (e.g. yes/no)about the relationship西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系
西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系 12 Key Elements in a Hypothesis • Identify variables you are interested in: - Exposure or Intervention (risk factor, treatment) - Outcome (disease, event) • State a relationship between the variables - Identify a relationship between an exposure (or intervention) and the outcome • The statement must be testable - Frame the hypothesis to answer a question (e.g. yes/no) about the relationship 1.2 Hypothesis
1.2 HypothesisHypothesesidentifythekeyvariablesforthestudy.Onekey variable in a hypothesis is theindependentvariable.The independentvariablerepresents the presumed'exposure'of interest in a study; also a variable that can beusedto predict or explain thevalues ofanothervariable.Inexperimentalstudies,theindependentvariable(intervention)is manipulated bya researcher who predicts thatthe manipulation of this variable will have an affect on anothervariable西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系
西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系 13 Hypotheses identify the key variables for the study. One key variable in a hypothesis is the independent variable • The independent variable represents the presumed ‘exposure’ of interest in a study; also a variable that can be used to predict or explain the values of another variable • In experimental studies, the independent variable (intervention) is manipulated by a researcher who predicts that the manipulation of this variable will have an affect on another variable 1.2 Hypothesis
1.2 HypothesisAnother key variable in a hypothesis is the dependentvariableThedependentvariablerepresentsthepresumed'outcome' of interest in a study, or the expected effect'depends'on theinastudy.Thelevel of thisvariableeffect of the independent variable in a well validatedstudy.西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系
西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系 14 Another key variable in a hypothesis is the dependent variable The dependent variable represents the presumed ‘outcome’ of interest in a study, or the expected effect in a study. The level of this variable ‘depends’ on the effect of the independent variable in a well validated study. 1.2 Hypothesis
1.2HypothesisAhypothesis should be framed to test a specificquestion about the relationship between an exposureorinterventionand an outcomeFraminga Testable RelationshipTraditional; offer a statistical hypothesisHo: "Null"hypothesis (assumed)Hl:"Alternative"hypothesis西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系
西安交大药学院药事管理与临床药学系 15 A hypothesis should be framed to test a specific question about the relationship between an exposure or intervention and an outcome Framing a Testable Relationship Traditional; offer a statistical hypothesis H0: “Null” hypothesis (assumed) H1: “Alternative” hypothesis 1.2 Hypothesis