B.not all knowledge is attainable C.pleasure is the highest good in life D.the most important thing in life is not pleasure 10.What did the Roman general Julius Caesar write? A.I think,therefore I am B.Let what will be,be C.I came,I saw,I conquered D.I celebrate myself,and sing myself (三)名词解释 1.Athens 2.Aeschylus 3.Herodotus 4.Democritus 5.Socrates 6.Plato 7.the Cynics 8.the Stoics 9.Julius Caesar 10.Virgil 五、练习题参考答案 (一)填空题 1.the 5th century B.C. 2.Alexander 3.the Romans 4.Homer 5.the alliance of the states of the southem mainland of Greece, Agamemnon ·15…
6.Sappho 7.Aeschylus,Sophocles,Euripides 8.Prometheus Bound,Persians,Agamemnon 9.Oedipus the King,Electra,Antigone 10.Andromache,Media,Trojun Women 11.Frogs,Clouds,Wasps,Birds ]2.“Father of History”,Greeks,Persians 13.Athens,Sparta,Athens,Syracuse 14.Pythagoras 15.Heracleitue 16.Democritus 17.Socrates,Palto,Aristotle 18.the Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans,the Stoics 19.Elements 20.Doric,masculine style,lonic style,feminine style,and a later style, the Corinthian style 21.The Acrpolis at Athens,Parthenon 22.The burning of Corinth 23.Byzantium,Constantinople 24.The Pantheon 25.She-wolf (二)选择题 1.D2.C3.B4.B5.C 6.C7.A8.A9.℃10.C {三)名词解释 1.Athens was a democracy and an art centre.But only the adult male citizens exercise the power,and the economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labour.Greeks loved sports.Their festivals included contests of sports,thus began the Oiympic Games. ·16·
2.He was regarded as one of the three greatest tragic dramatists of an- cient Greece.He has written more then 80 plays such as Prometheus Bound,Persians and Agamemnon. 3.He was one of the earliest materialists of ancient Greece,and also one of the founders of atomic theory. 4.As an simple materialist of ancient Greece,he believed fire to be the primary element of the universe,out of which everything else had arisen. 5.He was the philosopher of ancient Greece,holding that philosophy took the aim to reach the conclusion of oneself and virtue was knowledge.He devised the dialectical method. 6.He was the philosopher of ancient Greece,pupil of socrates.He built up a comprehensive system of idealism phylosophy.Of the Dialogues he wrote,27 have survived,including:The Apology,Symposium and The Republic 7.It is a philosophical idea.Diogenes was the founder and advocated the rejection of all conventions.He decided to live like a dog. 8.It developed into the theory that one should endure hardship and mis- fortune with courage.The chief Stoic was Zeno. 9.He was a successful general,politician and historian of ancient Rome.He recorded his campaigns in the work"Commentaries", which are models of succinct Latin. 10.He was the greatest latin poet of ancient Rome,writing the famous epic,the eneas. ·17
六、课后大题参考答案 (一）Greek Culture 1.What are the major elements in European culture? There are two main elements-the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. 2.What were the main features of ancient Greek society? In Greek society,only adult male citizen had real power and the citi- zenship was s set of rights which a man inherited from his father.The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labour. Slaves worked for their masters.The exploitation was a serious social problem.The Greeks loved sports.They often took part in the con- tests of sports in Olympus Mount,thus Olympic Games came into be- ing. 3.What did Homer do?Why is he important in the history of Euro- pean literature? He depicted the great Greek men who lived in the period 1200-1100 B.C.and wars happening at that time.As an author of epics,he em- ployed fine literary language to describe wars and men,even though they were dull.He stood in the peak of Greek literature and exerted a great influence on his followers. 4.Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them write? Aeschylus,Sophocles and Euripides were three outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece. Aeschylus:Prometheus Bound,Persians,Agamemnon Sophocles:Oedipus the King,Electra,Antigone Euripides:Andromache,Medea,Trojan Women ·18·
5.Were there historians then?Who were they?What did each of them write about? Yes,there are.They were Herodotus and Thucydides. Herodotes wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians. Thucydides wrote about the war between Athens and Sparta and be- tween Athens and Syracuse 6.Would you say that philosophy was highly developed then?Who were the major philosophers? No,I wouldn't.Because those philosophical ideas were only ideal- ism or simple materalism or metaphysics. Socrates,Plato and Aristotle were the major philosophers at that time. 7.Did Socrates write any book?How then do we know about him? What distinguished his philosophy? No,he didn't.We know Socrates chiefly through what Plato record- ed of him in the famous Dialogues written by Plato.He considered that phyilosophy rested with the dissect of oneslf and virtue was high worth of life.His method of argument,by questions and answers, was known as the dialectical method. 8.Tell some of Plato's ideas.Why do people call him an idealist? (1)Men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general "ideas",like beauty,truth,and goodness.(2)We should not look at the things which are seen but the things which are not seen:for the things which are seen are temporal,but the things which are not seen are etemnal.Because he emphasized the importance of "ideas"and he- lieved that "thought"had created the world,people call him an ideal- ist. 9.In what important ways was Aristotle different from Plato?What are some of Aristotle's works that are still influential today? ·19