8.CONVENTIONONBIOLOGICALDIVERSITYRio de Janeiro, 5 June 1992ENTRYINTOFORCE:29December1993,inaccordancewitharticle36(1)REGISTRATION:29December1993,No.30619.STATUS:Signatories: 168. Parties: 196.1TEXT:1760,p.79,anddepositarynotificationUnited Nations,Treaty Seriesvol.C.N.29.1996.TREATIES-2of18March1996(proces-verbalofrectificationoftheauthentic Arabic text).Note:The Convention was adopted by the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committeefor a Convention on BiologicalDiversity,during itsFifthsession,held atNairobifrom11to22May1992.TheConventionwasopenfor signatureatRiodeJaneiroby all States and regional economic integration organizations from5June 1992until 14 June1992,and remainedopenattheUnitedNationsHeadquartersinNewYorkuntil4June1993.Ratification,Ratification,Accession(a),Accession(a),Acceptance(A),Acceptance(A),Approval(AA),Approval(AA),ParticipantSignatureParticipantSignatureSuccession(d)Succession(d)199219Sep2002Bulgaria.12Jun1992Afghanistan...12Jun17Apr19965 Jan19922 SepAlbania.....1994 aBurkina Faso..12 Jun1993199214 Aug1995..i Jun199215 Apr1997Algeria .......13JunBurundi..4Feb1992Andorra...2015aCabo Verde..12Jun29 Mar19959Feb..12 .un.19921Apr19981995aAngola.....Cambodia...19929 Mar19931992190ct1994Antigua andBarbuda.... 5 JunCameroon.....14 Jun...12 Jun199222 Nov1994..11 Jun19924Dec1992Argentina...Canada........13 Jun19921993 AArmenia.14 MayCentral African..13 Jun199215 Mar1995Republic5Jun199218 Jun1993Australia.....12 Jun19927 JunChad....1994..3 .un.19921994Austria ....18AugChile....13 Jun19929 Sep19941992...12Jun3Aug2000AAAzerbaijan..China?19925 Jan1993.11 Jun..12Jun19922 Sep1993Bahamas.....1992Colombia12Jun28 Nov19949 Jun1992Bahrain..30Aug1996199229Sep1994Comoros....1 Jun..5 Jun19923 May1994Bangladesh...1992Congo..11Jun1Aug199619921993Barbados......12Jun10Dec1992...12 Jun20Apr1993Cook IslandsBelarus..... .un19928 Sep1993..13 Jun199226Aug1994Costa Rica5 Jun199222 Nov1996Belgium ...1992Cote d'Ivoire..10 Jun29Nov1994Belize....13Jun199230 Dec1993...1 Jun199270ct1996Croatia..13 Jun199230 Jun1994Benin..1992Cuba...12 Jun8 Mar1994199225AugBhutan...I Jun19951992..12 Jun10 Jul1996Cyprus..Bolivia (Plurinational199230ct199419933 DecState of)....13JunCzech Republic...4Jun1993 AABosnia andDemocratic People's26Aug199226 OctHerzegovina2002aRepublic of Korea...Il Jun1994 AA8Jun1992120ct1995Democratic Republic ofBotswana,19923Dec1994the Congo..11 Jun5 Jun199228Feb1994Brazil1992Denmark..12Jun21 Dec1993Brunei Darussalam ..28Apr2008a1XXVII8.ENVIRONMENT
XXVII 8. ENVIRONMENT 1 8. CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Rio de Janeiro, 5 June 1992 . ENTRY INTO FORCE: 29 December 1993, in accordance with article 36(1). REGISTRATION: 29 December 1993, No. 30619. STATUS: Signatories: 168. Parties: 196.1 TEXT: United Nations, Treaty Series , vol. 1760, p. 79; and depositary notification C.N.29.1996.TREATIES-2 of 18 March 1996 (procès-verbal of rectification of the authentic Arabic text). Note: The Convention was adopted by the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Convention on Biological Diversity, during its Fifth session, held at Nairobi from 11 to 22 May 1992. The Convention was open for signature at Rio de Janeiro by all States and regional economic integration organizations from 5 June 1992 until 14 June 1992, and remained open at the United Nations Headquarters in New York until 4 June 1993. . Participant Signature Ratification, Accession(a), Acceptance(A), Approval(AA), Succession(d) Afghanistan. 12 Jun 1992 19 Sep 2002 Albania. 5 Jan 1994 a Algeria . 13 Jun 1992 14 Aug 1995 Andorra. 4 Feb 2015 a Angola . 12 Jun 1992 1 Apr 1998 Antigua and Barbuda . 5 Jun 1992 9 Mar 1993 Argentina . 12 Jun 1992 22 Nov 1994 Armenia . 13 Jun 1992 14 May 1993 A Australia. 5 Jun 1992 18 Jun 1993 Austria . 13 Jun 1992 18 Aug 1994 Azerbaijan. 12 Jun 1992 3 Aug 2000 AA Bahamas. 12 Jun 1992 2 Sep 1993 Bahrain. 9 Jun 1992 30 Aug 1996 Bangladesh. 5 Jun 1992 3 May 1994 Barbados. 12 Jun 1992 10 Dec 1993 Belarus. 11 Jun 1992 8 Sep 1993 Belgium . 5 Jun 1992 22 Nov 1996 Belize . 13 Jun 1992 30 Dec 1993 Benin. 13 Jun 1992 30 Jun 1994 Bhutan. 11 Jun 1992 25 Aug 1995 Bolivia (Plurinational State of). 13 Jun 1992 3 Oct 1994 Bosnia and Herzegovina .26 Aug 2002 a Botswana . 8 Jun 1992 12 Oct 1995 Brazil . 5 Jun 1992 28 Feb 1994 Brunei Darussalam .28 Apr 2008 a Participant Signature Ratification, Accession(a), Acceptance(A), Approval(AA), Succession(d) Bulgaria . 12 Jun 1992 17 Apr 1996 Burkina Faso. 12 Jun 1992 2 Sep 1993 Burundi . 11 Jun 1992 15 Apr 1997 Cabo Verde . 12 Jun 1992 29 Mar 1995 Cambodia. 9 Feb 1995 a Cameroon. 14 Jun 1992 19 Oct 1994 Canada . 11 Jun 1992 4 Dec 1992 Central African Republic . 13 Jun 1992 15 Mar 1995 Chad. 12 Jun 1992 7 Jun 1994 Chile. 13 Jun 1992 9 Sep 1994 China2 . 11 Jun 1992 5 Jan 1993 Colombia . 12 Jun 1992 28 Nov 1994 Comoros. 11 Jun 1992 29 Sep 1994 Congo. 11 Jun 1992 1 Aug 1996 Cook Islands. 12 Jun 1992 20 Apr 1993 Costa Rica. 13 Jun 1992 26 Aug 1994 Côte d'Ivoire . 10 Jun 1992 29 Nov 1994 Croatia . 11 Jun 1992 7 Oct 1996 Cuba. 12 Jun 1992 8 Mar 1994 Cyprus. 12 Jun 1992 10 Jul 1996 Czech Republic. 4 Jun 1993 3 Dec 1993 AA Democratic People's Republic of Korea. 11 Jun 1992 26 Oct 1994 AA Democratic Republic of the Congo. 11 Jun 1992 3 Dec 1994 Denmark . 12 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993
Ratification,Ratification,Accession(a)Accession(a),Acceptance(A),Acceptance(A),Approval(AA),Approval(AA),ParticipantParticipantSignatureSuccession(d)SignatureSuccession(d)Djibouti.....13Jun1992I Sep1994Kiribati.16Aug1994 a6 Apr1994 aKuwait.19922 Aug2002Dominica..9 JunDominican Republic ..13 Jun199225 Nov19966 Aug1996 aKyrgyzstan...9 Jun199223Feb1993Lao People'sEcuador....Democratic9 Jun19922 Jun1994Egypt.....20Sep1996 aRepublic.19928 Sep1994EI Salvador......3 .un199214Dec1995Latvia...11 Jun6 Dec1994 aEquatotrial Guinea....1992Lebanon......12 Jun15Dec199421 MarEritrea....1996 aLesotho...1 Jun1992199510 Jan..12 Jun199227 Jul1994Estonia.....12 Jun1992Liberia...8 Nov2000Eswatini......12Jun19929 Nov1994...29 Jun199212 Jul2001Libya..Ethiopia.....10 Jun19925 Apr19941992Liechtenstein.5 Jun19 Nov199721 DecEuropean Union....3Jun19921993 AA1992Lithuania..1 Jun1Feb1996Fiji..9 Oct199225Feb1993.9Jun19929 MayLuxembourg.19945 Jun199227 Jul1994 AFinland....Madagascar8 Jun19924Mar1996France.......13 un19921 Jul199419922 Feb1994Malawi...10 Jun.12 Jun199214 Mar1997Gabon.....Malaysia....12 Jun199224 Jun199419921994..12Jun10 JunGambia...Maldives12 Jun19929 Nov19922 Jun1994 aGeorgia...Mali..1992...30Sep29Mar1995199221 Dec1993Germany.......12JunMalta..12 Jun199229Dec2000...12 .un199229Aug1994Ghana...19928 Oct1992Marshall Islands..12Jun..12 Jun19924Aug1994Greece......12Jun199216Aug1996Mauritania...3Dec1992Grenada...11 Aug199419924Sep1992Mauritius...10Jun.3 .un199210 Jul1995Guatemala...1992Mexico......13 Jun11 Mar199319927 May1993Guinea......12 unMicronesia (Federated...12 .un1992270ct1995Guinea-Bissau....19921994States of)..12Jun20Jun........13 Jun199229Aug1994Guyana...1992..1I Jun20 Nov1992Monaco.Haiti......13 Jun199225 Sep19961992Mongolia..12Jun30 Sep1993...13 un199231 Jul1995Honduras...23OctMontenegro32006 d19921994Hungary.....3 un24Feb199221 AugMorocco...13Jun1995199212 SepIceland........0 .un19941992Mozambique..12Jun25Aug1995199218Feb1994India....5Jun1992Myanmar..11 Jun25 Nov19945Jun199223Aug1994Indonesia..1992Namibia ...12Jun16 May1997Iran(IslamicRepublicNauru5 Jun199211 Nov1993...14Jun19926Aug1996of)....12 Jun199223Nov1993Nepal..28 Jul2009aIraq....Netherlandst.5 Jun199212 Jul1994 AIreland.....3 Jun199222 Mar1996..12 Jun199216 SepNewZealand.199319927Aug1995Israel....l Jun1992Nicaragua....13 Jun20 Nov19955 Jun1992Italy.....15 Apr1994Niger..1 Jun199225 Jul199519926 Jan1995Jamaica.....l Jun1992Nigeria...13Jun29Aug19941992Japan.....13 Jun28 May1993 A28Feb1996 aNiue12Nov..1 Jun19921993Jordan...2 DecNorth Macedonia...1997a9 Jun19926Sep1994Kazakhstan...9 Jul1993Norway9 Jun199219921994Kenya...........11Jun26 Jul2XXVII 8. ENVIRONMENT
XXVII 8. ENVIRONMENT 2 Participant Signature Ratification, Accession(a), Acceptance(A), Approval(AA), Succession(d) Djibouti. 13 Jun 1992 1 Sep 1994 Dominica . 6 Apr 1994 a Dominican Republic . 13 Jun 1992 25 Nov 1996 Ecuador. 9 Jun 1992 23 Feb 1993 Egypt. 9 Jun 1992 2 Jun 1994 El Salvador . 13 Jun 1992 8 Sep 1994 Equatorial Guinea . 6 Dec 1994 a Eritrea .21 Mar 1996 a Estonia . 12 Jun 1992 27 Jul 1994 Eswatini . 12 Jun 1992 9 Nov 1994 Ethiopia. 10 Jun 1992 5 Apr 1994 European Union. 13 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 AA Fiji . 9 Oct 1992 25 Feb 1993 Finland. 5 Jun 1992 27 Jul 1994 A France . 13 Jun 1992 1 Jul 1994 Gabon. 12 Jun 1992 14 Mar 1997 Gambia. 12 Jun 1992 10 Jun 1994 Georgia . 2 Jun 1994 a Germany . 12 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 Ghana. 12 Jun 1992 29 Aug 1994 Greece. 12 Jun 1992 4 Aug 1994 Grenada. 3 Dec 1992 11 Aug 1994 Guatemala. 13 Jun 1992 10 Jul 1995 Guinea. 12 Jun 1992 7 May 1993 Guinea-Bissau. 12 Jun 1992 27 Oct 1995 Guyana. 13 Jun 1992 29 Aug 1994 Haiti . 13 Jun 1992 25 Sep 1996 Honduras. 13 Jun 1992 31 Jul 1995 Hungary . 13 Jun 1992 24 Feb 1994 Iceland . 10 Jun 1992 12 Sep 1994 India . 5 Jun 1992 18 Feb 1994 Indonesia. 5 Jun 1992 23 Aug 1994 Iran (Islamic Republic of). 14 Jun 1992 6 Aug 1996 Iraq.28 Jul 2009 a Ireland. 13 Jun 1992 22 Mar 1996 Israel . 11 Jun 1992 7 Aug 1995 Italy. 5 Jun 1992 15 Apr 1994 Jamaica . 11 Jun 1992 6 Jan 1995 Japan . 13 Jun 1992 28 May 1993 A Jordan. 11 Jun 1992 12 Nov 1993 Kazakhstan. 9 Jun 1992 6 Sep 1994 Kenya. 11 Jun 1992 26 Jul 1994 Participant Signature Ratification, Accession(a), Acceptance(A), Approval(AA), Succession(d) Kiribati.16 Aug 1994 a Kuwait . 9 Jun 1992 2 Aug 2002 Kyrgyzstan. 6 Aug 1996 a Lao People's Democratic Republic .20 Sep 1996 a Latvia . 11 Jun 1992 14 Dec 1995 Lebanon . 12 Jun 1992 15 Dec 1994 Lesotho . 11 Jun 1992 10 Jan 1995 Liberia. 12 Jun 1992 8 Nov 2000 Libya. 29 Jun 1992 12 Jul 2001 Liechtenstein. 5 Jun 1992 19 Nov 1997 Lithuania. 11 Jun 1992 1 Feb 1996 Luxembourg. 9 Jun 1992 9 May 1994 Madagascar. 8 Jun 1992 4 Mar 1996 Malawi. 10 Jun 1992 2 Feb 1994 Malaysia. 12 Jun 1992 24 Jun 1994 Maldives . 12 Jun 1992 9 Nov 1992 Mali. 30 Sep 1992 29 Mar 1995 Malta. 12 Jun 1992 29 Dec 2000 Marshall Islands. 12 Jun 1992 8 Oct 1992 Mauritania. 12 Jun 1992 16 Aug 1996 Mauritius. 10 Jun 1992 4 Sep 1992 Mexico. 13 Jun 1992 11 Mar 1993 Micronesia (Federated States of) . 12 Jun 1992 20 Jun 1994 Monaco . 11 Jun 1992 20 Nov 1992 Mongolia. 12 Jun 1992 30 Sep 1993 Montenegro3 .23 Oct 2006 d Morocco. 13 Jun 1992 21 Aug 1995 Mozambique . 12 Jun 1992 25 Aug 1995 Myanmar. 11 Jun 1992 25 Nov 1994 Namibia . 12 Jun 1992 16 May 1997 Nauru . 5 Jun 1992 11 Nov 1993 Nepal. 12 Jun 1992 23 Nov 1993 Netherlands4 . 5 Jun 1992 12 Jul 1994 A New Zealand. 12 Jun 1992 16 Sep 1993 Nicaragua. 13 Jun 1992 20 Nov 1995 Niger. 11 Jun 1992 25 Jul 1995 Nigeria . 13 Jun 1992 29 Aug 1994 Niue .28 Feb 1996 a North Macedonia . 2 Dec 1997 a Norway . 9 Jun 1992 9 Jul 1993
Ratification,Ratification,Accession(a)Accession(a),Acceptance(A),Acceptance(A),Approval(AA),Approval(AA),ParticipantParticipantSignatureSuccession(d)SignatureSuccession(d)....0 Jun19928Feb1995St. Vincent and theOman...3Jun1996 aGrenadine...5 Jun199226 Jul1994Pakistan...2 Jan2015aState of PalestinePalau....6 Jan1999 aSudan.9 Jun1992199530Oct199217 Jan1995Panama......13Jun1992Suriname...13 Jun12 Jan19961992Papua New Guinea...3 Jun16Mar19938 Jun19921993Sweden..16Dec199224 Feb1994Paraguay..12Jun1992Switzerland.12 Jun21 Nov199419927 Jun1993Peru......12JunSyrian Arab Republic... 3 May19934 Jan1996Philippines........1 .n.19928Oct199329OctTajikistan1997aPoland..199218Jan1996...5JunThailand....12Jun199231Oct2003Portugal?...13 Jun199221Dec1993100ct2006aTimor-Leste199221 Aug1996Qatar....l Jun199240ctTogo..12Jun1995A1992Republic ofKorea...3 un30ct1994Tonga19 May1998 a199220Oct1995Republic of Moldova.... 5 Jun1992Trinidad andTobago ....Il Jun1Aug199619921994Romania...5Jun17Aug1992Tunisia..13 Jun15 Jul199319925Apr1995RussianFederation....3Jun1992.11 Jun14Feb1997Turkey199229 May1996Rwanda.....10JunTurkmenistan18 Sep1996 a19929 Feb1994..12JunSamoa....Tuvalu..8 Jun199220 Dec2002199228 Oct1994San Marino.....10Jun..12 Jun19928Sep1993Uganda...199229 Sep1999Sao Tome and Principe..12 Jun7Feb..I Jun19921995Ukraine.30ct2001aSaudi Arabia...199210 Feb2000United Arab Emirates...II Jun..13Jun1992170ct1994Senegal....UnitedKingdomof19921MarSerbias....8Jun2002Great Britain and22 Sep19921992Seychelles.....10Jun1992Northern Irelando...12 Jun3Jun199412DecSierra Leone.....1994 aUnited Republic of199321Dec1995Singapore.......0Mar199212Jun8Mar1996Tanzania.....19May199325 Aug1994 AASlovakia.....United States of19929 Jul4 Jun1993Slovenia.......3 Jun1996America..19923 0ct19959 Jun19925 Nov1993Solomon Islands....3 JunUruguay11 Sep19 Jul1995aSomalia..2009aUzbekistan.9Jun4Jun19932 Nov1995Vanuatu...199225Mar1993South Africa......17Feb2014aSouth Sudan...Venezuela (Bolivarian... .un.199213Sep1994Republic of),Spaine,7...3 .un199221 Dec1993..28May19931994Viet Nam.16 Nov199223 Mar1994Sri Lanka.....10JunYemen.....12 un199221Feb199619927Jan1993St..Kitts andNevis...12 Jun..l .un199228 MayZambia....199328 Jul1993 aSt..Lucia........12Jun19921I Nov1994Zimbabwe.Declarations(Unless otherwiseindicated,thedeclarationsweremadeupon ratification,accession,acceptance, approval or succession.)2XXVII8.ENVIRONMENT
XXVII 8. ENVIRONMENT 3 Participant Signature Ratification, Accession(a), Acceptance(A), Approval(AA), Succession(d) Oman . 10 Jun 1992 8 Feb 1995 Pakistan. 5 Jun 1992 26 Jul 1994 Palau . 6 Jan 1999 a Panama. 13 Jun 1992 17 Jan 1995 Papua New Guinea . 13 Jun 1992 16 Mar 1993 Paraguay . 12 Jun 1992 24 Feb 1994 Peru. 12 Jun 1992 7 Jun 1993 Philippines. 12 Jun 1992 8 Oct 1993 Poland . 5 Jun 1992 18 Jan 1996 Portugal2 . 13 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 Qatar . 11 Jun 1992 21 Aug 1996 Republic of Korea. 13 Jun 1992 3 Oct 1994 Republic of Moldova . 5 Jun 1992 20 Oct 1995 Romania. 5 Jun 1992 17 Aug 1994 Russian Federation . 13 Jun 1992 5 Apr 1995 Rwanda . 10 Jun 1992 29 May 1996 Samoa . 12 Jun 1992 9 Feb 1994 San Marino . 10 Jun 1992 28 Oct 1994 Sao Tome and Principe. 12 Jun 1992 29 Sep 1999 Saudi Arabia . 3 Oct 2001 a Senegal. 13 Jun 1992 17 Oct 1994 Serbia5 . 8 Jun 1992 1 Mar 2002 Seychelles. 10 Jun 1992 22 Sep 1992 Sierra Leone.12 Dec 1994 a Singapore . 10 Mar 1993 21 Dec 1995 Slovakia . 19 May 1993 25 Aug 1994 AA Slovenia . 13 Jun 1992 9 Jul 1996 Solomon Islands . 13 Jun 1992 3 Oct 1995 Somalia .11 Sep 2009 a South Africa. 4 Jun 1993 2 Nov 1995 South Sudan.17 Feb 2014 a Spain6,7 . 13 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 Sri Lanka. 10 Jun 1992 23 Mar 1994 St. Kitts and Nevis. 12 Jun 1992 7 Jan 1993 St. Lucia.28 Jul 1993 a Participant Signature Ratification, Accession(a), Acceptance(A), Approval(AA), Succession(d) St. Vincent and the Grenadines. 3 Jun 1996 a State of Palestine . 2 Jan 2015 a Sudan . 9 Jun 1992 30 Oct 1995 Suriname. 13 Jun 1992 12 Jan 1996 Sweden. 8 Jun 1992 16 Dec 1993 Switzerland . 12 Jun 1992 21 Nov 1994 Syrian Arab Republic . 3 May 1993 4 Jan 1996 Tajikistan .29 Oct 1997 a Thailand. 12 Jun 1992 31 Oct 2003 Timor-Leste .10 Oct 2006 a Togo. 12 Jun 1992 4 Oct 1995 A Tonga .19 May 1998 a Trinidad and Tobago . 11 Jun 1992 1 Aug 1996 Tunisia . 13 Jun 1992 15 Jul 1993 Turkey. 11 Jun 1992 14 Feb 1997 Turkmenistan.18 Sep 1996 a Tuvalu. 8 Jun 1992 20 Dec 2002 Uganda. 12 Jun 1992 8 Sep 1993 Ukraine . 11 Jun 1992 7 Feb 1995 United Arab Emirates. 11 Jun 1992 10 Feb 2000 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland6 . 12 Jun 1992 3 Jun 1994 United Republic of Tanzania. 12 Jun 1992 8 Mar 1996 United States of America. 4 Jun 1993 Uruguay . 9 Jun 1992 5 Nov 1993 Uzbekistan .19 Jul 1995 a Vanuatu. 9 Jun 1992 25 Mar 1993 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) . 12 Jun 1992 13 Sep 1994 Viet Nam. 28 May 1993 16 Nov 1994 Yemen. 12 Jun 1992 21 Feb 1996 Zambia . 11 Jun 1992 28 May 1993 Zimbabwe . 12 Jun 1992 11 Nov 1994 Declarations (Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations were made upon ratification, accession, acceptance, approval or succession.)
ARGENTINAFRANCETheGovernmentconsidersthatthisArgentineConventionrepresentsa stepforward in that it establishesWith referenceto article3,that it interprets that articleamong its objectives the sustainable use of biologicalas a guiding principle to be taken into account in thediversity.Likewise,thedefinitionscontainedinarticle2implementationoftheConvention:With reference to article21,paragraph1, that theand other provisions of theConvention indicate that the"biological resources"anddecision taken periodically by the Conference of theterms"geneticresources"biological material"do not include the human genome.Parties concerns the"amount of resources needed"andIn accordance with the commitments entered into inthethat no provision of theConvention authorizestheConvention,the ArgentineNation will pass legislation onConferenceofthePartiestotakedecisions concerning thetheconditionsofaccesstobiologicalresourcesandtheamount, nature or frequency of the contributions fromownership of futurerights and benefits arising fromthem.Parties to the Convention.Withreference to article 3, that it interprets that articleThe Convention is fully consistent with the principlesestablished in the"Agreement on trade-related aspects ofas a guiding principle to be taken into account in theintellectual property rights",includingtrade in counterfeitimplementation ofthe Convention;Republic reaffirms its belief in thegoods,contained in the Final Act of the Uruguay RoundThe FrenchimportancetheoftechnologyofGATToftransferandbiotechnology in guaranteeing,theprotection and long-termutilization of biological diversity. Respect forAUSTRIAintellectual propertyrights is an essential elementof the"TheRepublicofAustria declares inaccordancewithimplementationof policiesfortechnologytransferandco-article27.paragraph3.of the Convention that itacceptsinvestmentThe French Republic affirms that the transfer ofboth ofthemeans of disputesettlementmentioned inthistechnology and access to biotechnology,as defined in thePartyparagraph as compulsory in relation to anyConventionon Biological Diversity,will be implementedacceptinganobligationconcerningoneorbothofthesemeans ofdisputesettlement."according to article 16 of thatConvention and withrespect fortheprinciplesand rules concerning theprotection of intellectual property,including multifateralCHILEagreements signed or negotiated by the ContractingThe Governmentof Chileonratifying the ConventionParties tothepresent Convention.onBiologicalDiversityof1992,wishestoplaceonrecordThe French Republic will encouragerecourseto thefinancial mechanism established by the Convention forthat the pine tree and other species that the countrythe purpose of promotingthevoluntary transfer ofexploits as one of its forestry.resources are consideredexotic and are nottakento fall withinthe scopeof theintellectual property rights underFrenchownershipinterConvention.alia,as regardsthegrantingof licences,by traditionalcommercialdecisions andmechanismswhileensuringtheappropriateand effective protectionof propertyrights.CUBAWithreferenceto article21,paragraph1,theFrenchThe Government of the Republic of Cuba declares,Republic considers that the decisiontaken periodicallybywithrespecttoarticle27of theConventiononBiologicalthe Conference of the Parties concerns the"amount ofDiversity,that as far as the Republic of Cuba isresourcesneeded"andthatnoprovisionoftheconcerned,disputes thatarisebetweenParties concerningConvention authorizes the Conference of the Parties tothe interpretation or applica- tion of thisinternationaltakedecisions concerningtheamount,natureorfrequencylegal instrument shall be settled by negotiation throughofthecontributionsfromPartiestotheConvention.the diplomatic channel or,failing that, by arbitration inUpon its ratification of the Nagoya Protocol on Accessaccordancewiththeprocedurelaiddown inAnnexII ontoGenetic Resources and theFair and Equitable SharingarbitrationoftheConvention.BenefitsArising.fromtheirUtilization totheofConventionon Biological Diversity,theFrenchRepublicEUROPEANUNIONreiterated its declarationmade upon its ratification of the"Within their respective competence, the EuropeanConventiononBiologicalDiversity.Communityand its Member States wish to reaffirm theGEORGIAimportancethey attach totransfers of technology andto"The Republic of Georgia will use both means forbiotechnology in order to ensure the conservation anddispute settlementreferred to intheConvention:sustainable use of biological diversityThe complianceArbitral consideration in accordancewith thewith intellectual propertyrights constitutes an essentialelement for the implementation of policiesfor technologyproceduregiven intheenclosure Il,Part!Submitting of disputes to the Internationaltransferandco-investment.Court."FortheEuropeanCommunityand itsmember Statestransfers of technology and access to biotechnology,asdefined in the text of the Convention on BiologicalIRELANDDiversity,will be carried out in accordance with article 16"Ireland wishes to reaffirm the importance it attachesof thesaidConvention and in compliance,with theprinciples and rules of protection of intellectual propertytotransfers of technologyand to biotechnology in ordertoin particular multilateral and bilateral agreements signedensurethe conservation and sustainable use of biologicaltheornegotiatedbyContractingPartiesthisdiversity.The compliance with intellectual propertyrightstoConvention.constitutes an essential element forthe implementation ofTheEuropean Communityand its Member States willpoliciesfortechnologytransfer and co-investment.encouragetheuse ofthefinancial mechanism establishedForIreland,transfers of technology and access tobytheConventionto promotethevoluntary transfer ofbiotechnology,as defined in thetextofthe Convention onintellectual propertyrightsheldbyEuropeanoperators,inBiologicalDiversityandincompliancewiththeparticular as regards the granting of licences, throughprinciplesandrules of protection of intellectual property,normal commercial mechanisms and decisions,whilein particularmultilateral and bilateral agreements signedensuring adequate and effective protection of propertyornegotiatedbythecontractingpartiestothisrights.Convention.4XXVII8. ENVIRONMENT
XXVII 8. ENVIRONMENT 4 ARGENTINA The Argentine Government considers that this Convention represents a step forward in that it establishes among its objectives the sustainable use of biological diversity. Likewise, the definitions contained in article 2 and other provisions of the Convention indicate that the terms "genetic resources", "biological resources" and "biological material" do not include the human genome. In accordance with the commitments entered into in the Convention, the Argentine Nation will pass legislation on the conditions of access to biological resources and the ownership of future rights and benefits arising from them. The Convention is fully consistent with the principles established in the "Agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights", including trade in counterfeit goods, contained in the Final Act of the Uruguay Round of GATT. AUSTRIA "The Republic of Austria declares in accordance with article 27, paragraph 3 of the Convention that it accepts both of the means of dispute settlement mentioned in this paragraph as compulsory in relation to any Party accepting an obligation concerning one or both of these means of dispute settlement." CHILE The Government of Chile, on ratifying the Convention on Biological Diversity of 1992, wishes to place on record that the pine tree and other species that the country exploits as one of its forestry resources are considered exotic and are not taken to fall within the scope of the Convention. CUBA The Government of the Republic of Cuba declares, with respect to article 27 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, that as far as the Republic of Cuba is concerned, disputes that arise between Parties concerning the interpretation or applica- tion of this international legal instrument shall be settled by negotiation through the diplomatic channel or, failing that, by arbitration in accordance with the procedure laid down in Annex II on arbitration of the Convention. EUROPEAN UNION "Within their respective competence, the European Community and its Member States wish to reaffirm the importance they attach to transfers of technology and to biotechnology in order to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The compliance with intellectual property rights constitutes an essential element for the implementation of policies for technology transfer and co-investment. For the European Community and its member States, transfers of technology and access to biotechnology, as defined in the text of the Convention on Biological Diversity, will be carried out in accordance with article 16 of the said Convention and in compliance with the principles and rules of protection of intellectual property, in particular multilateral and bilateral agreements signed or negotiated by the Contracting Parties to this Convention. The European Community and its Member States will encourage the use of the financial mechanism established by the Convention to promote the voluntary transfer of intellectual property rights held by European operators, in particular as regards the granting of licences, through normal commercial mechanisms and decisions, while ensuring adequate and effective protection of property rights." FRANCE With reference to article 3, that it interprets that article as a guiding principle to be taken into account in the implementation of the Convention; With reference to article 21, paragraph 1, that the decision taken periodically by the Conference of the Parties concerns the "amount of resources needed" and that no provision of the Convention authorizes the Conference of the Parties to take decisions concerning the amount, nature or frequency of the contributions from Parties to the Convention. With reference to article 3, that it interprets that article as a guiding principle to be taken into account in the implementation of the Convention; The French Republic reaffirms its belief in the importance of the transfer of technology and biotechnology in guaranteeing the protection and longterm utilization of biological diversity. Respect for intellectual property rights is an essential element of the implementation of policies for technology transfer and coinvestment. The French Republic affirms that the transfer of technology and access to biotechnology, as defined in the Convention on Biological Diversity, will be implemented according to article 16 of that Convention and with respect for the principles and rules concerning the protection of intellectual property, including multilateral agreements signed or negotiated by the Contracting Parties to the present Convention. The French Republic will encourage recourse to the financial mechanism established by the Convention for the purpose of promoting the voluntary transfer of intellectual property rights under French ownership, inter alia , as regards the granting of licences, by traditional commercial decisions and mechanisms while ensuring the appropriate and effective protection of property rights. With reference to article 21, paragraph 1, the French Republic considers that the decisiontaken periodically by the Conference of the Parties concerns the "amount of resources needed" and that no provision of the Convention authorizes the Conference of the Parties to take decisions concerning the amount, nature or frequency of the contributions from Parties to the Convention. Upon its ratification of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the French Republic reiterated its declaration made upon its ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity. GEORGIA "The Republic of Georgia will use both means for dispute settlement referred to in the Convention: 1. Arbitral consideration in accordance with the procedure given in the enclosure II, Part I. 2. Submitting of disputes to the International Court." IRELAND "Ireland wishes to reaffirm the importance it attaches to transfers of technology and to biotechnology in order to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The compliance with intellectual property rights constitutes an essential element for the implementation of policies for technology transfer and co-investment. For Ireland, transfers of technology and access to biotechnology, as defined in the text of the Convention on Biological Diversity and in compliance with the principles and rules of protection of intellectual property, in particular multilateral and bilateral agreements signed or negotiated by the contracting parties to this Convention
Ireland will encouragethe useof the financialtheenvironment of other states or of areas beyond themechanismestablishedbytheConventiontopromotethelimitsofnationaljudicialjurisdiction."The Sudan also sees as regards article 14 (2),that thevoluntarytransferof intellectual propertyrightsheldbyIrishoperators,inparticular as regardsthe granting ofissue of liability and redress for damage to biologicallicences,through normal commercial mechanisms anddiversity should notformapriority to be tackled by thedecisions,whileensuring,adequateandeffectiveAgreement as thereis ambiguity regarding theessenceand scopeof thestudiestobe carried out, in accordanceprotectionofpropertyrights.with the above-mentioned article. The Sudan furtherbelieves that any such studies on liability and redressITALYshouldshifttowardseffectsofareassuchas"TheItalianGovernmentI declaresitsbiotechnologyproducts.environmentalimpacts,understanding that the decision to betaken bythegeneticallymodified organisms andacidrains.Conference of the Parties under article 21.1 of theConyention refers to theamountof resources needed'bySWITZERLANDthe financial mechanism, not to the extent or nature andTheSwissGovernmentwishesto.emphasizeformof the contributionsof the ContractingParties.'particularly theprogress made in establishing standardterms for cooperation between States in a very importantLATVIAfield:research activities and activities for the transfer of"The Republic of Latvia declares in accordance withtechnology relevant toresources from third countries.article27paragraph3of theConvention that itacceptsThe important provisions in question createaplatformforeven closer cooperation withpublicresearchbodies orboth themeans of dispute settlementmentioned in thisparagraph as compulsory.institutionsinSwitzerlandandforthetransferoftechnologies availableto governmental or public bodies,particularlyuniversitiesandvariouspublicly-fundedLIECHTENSTEINresearchanddevelopmentcentres."The Principality of Liechtenstein wishes to reaffirmIt is our understanding that genetic resources acquiredthe importanceit attaches totransfers of technology andunder theprocedure specified in article 15and developedto biotechnology in orderto ensurethe conservation andby private research institutions will be the subject ofsustainable use of biological diversity.The complianceprogrammes of cooperation,joint research and thewith intellectual property rights constitutes an essentialtransfer of technologywhich will respecttheprincipleselementfortheimplementation of policiesfortechnologyand rulesfor theprotectionof intellectualproperty.transferandco-investment.These principles and rules are essential for researchFor the Principality of Liechtenstein,transfersofandprivateinvestment,in particular in the latesttechnology and access tobiotechnology,asdefined inthetechnologies,suchasmodernbiotechnologywhich：text of the [said] Convention, will be carried out inrequires substantial financial outlays.On the basis of thisaccordancewitharticle16ofthesaidConventionandininterpretation,theSwiss Government wishesto indicatecompliance with the principles and rules of protection ofthat it is ready,at the opportunetime,to take theintellectualandproperty,in particularmultilateralappropriategeneral policymeasures,particularly underbilateralagreementssignedornegotiatedbythearticles 16and 19,with a viewto promoting andContractingPartiestothis Convention.encouraging cooperation, on a contractual basis,betweenThe Principality of Liechtenstein will encouragetheSwiss firms and the private firms and governmentaluseofthefinancialmechanismestablishedbythebodies of other ContractingParties.With regard to financial cooperation,SwitzerlandConventiontopromotethevoluntarytransfer.ofrightsheld byLiechtensteininterprets theprovisions of articles 20 and 21 as follows:intellectualpropertyoperators, in particular asregards the grantingof licenses,the resources to be committed and the managementthrough normal commercial mechanisms and decisions,system will have regard, in an equitable manner,to thewhile ensuring.adequateandeffectiveprotectionofneedsandinterestsofthedevelopingcountriesandtothepossibilitiesand interests ofthedeveloped countries.property rights.Switzerland wishes to reaffirmthe importance itattaches to transfers of technology and to biotechnologyNETHERLANDSin order to ensurethe conservation and sustainableuse of"TheKingdomof theNetherlandsdeclares,inbiologicaldiversityThe compliance with intellectualaccordance withparagraph 3of Article 27 of theproperty rights constitutes an essential element for theConvention on Biological Diversity,that it accepts bothimplementationofpoliciesfortechnologytransferandco-means of dispute settlementreferred tointhatparagraphinvestmentFor Switzerland, transfers oftechnology and access toas compulsory in relation to any Party accepting one orbiotechnology,as defined in the textofthe Conventiononbothmeansofdisputesettlement.Biological Diversity,will be carried out in accordancePAPUANEWGUINEAwitharticle16ofthe said Convention and incompliance"TheGovernmentof theIndependent State_of Papuawiththe principles and rules of protection of intellectualNew Guinea declares its understanding that ratification ofmultilateralproperty,inparticularandbilateralthe Con-vention shall in no way constitute a renunciationagreements.signed or negotiated by the Contractingof any rights underInternational Law concerning StateParties to this Convention.Switzerland will encourage the use of the financialresponsibilityfortheadverseeffectsofBiologicalDiversity as derogating from the principles of generalmechanism establishedbytheConventiontopromotetheInternationalLawvoluntarytransferofintellectualpropertyrightsheldbySwiss operators,in particular as regards the granting oflicences,through normal commercial mechanisms andSUDANdecisions,whileensuringadequateandeffective"With respect to the principle stipulated in article3,protectionof property rights.theGovernmentof the Sudan agrees with the spirit of thearticle and interprets ittomean ihat no state isresponsibleSYRIANARABREPUBLICfor acts thattakeplace outside its control even iftheyfallIt is being understood that the signingofthiswithin its judicial jurisdiction and may cause damage to5XXVII8.ENVIRONMENT
XXVII 8. ENVIRONMENT 5 Ireland will encourage the use of the financial mechanism established by the Convention to promote the voluntary transfer of intellectual property rights held by Irish operators, in particular as regards the granting of licences, through normal commercial mechanisms and decisions, while ensuring adequate and effective protection of property rights." ITALY "The Italian Government [. . .] declares its understanding that the decision to be taken by the Conference of the Parties under article 21.1 of the Convention refers to the `amount of resources needed' by the financial mechanism, not to the extent or nature and form of the contributions of the Contracting Parties." LATVIA "The Republic of Latvia declares in accordance with article 27 paragraph 3 of the Convention that it accepts both the means of dispute settlement mentioned in this paragraph as compulsory." LIECHTENSTEIN "The Principality of Liechtenstein wishes to reaffirm the importance it attaches to transfers of technology and to biotechnology in order to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The compliance with intellectual property rights constitutes an essential element for the implementation of policies for technology transfer and co-investment. For the Principality of Liechtenstein, transfers of technology and access to biotechnology, as defined in the text of the [said] Convention, will be carried out in accordance with article 16 of the said Convention and in compliance with the principles and rules of protection of intellectual property, in particular multilateral and bilateral agreements signed or negotiated by the Contracting Parties to this Convention. The Principality of Liechtenstein will encourage the use of the financial mechanism established by the Convention to promote the voluntary transfer of intellectual property rights held by Liechtenstein operators, in particular as regards the granting of licenses, through normal commercial mechanisms and decisions, while ensuring adequate and effective protection of property rights." NETHERLANDS “The Kingdom of the Netherlands declares, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 27 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, that it accepts both means of dispute settlement referred to in that paragraph as compulsory in relation to any Party accepting one or both means of dispute settlement.” PAPUA NEW GUINEA "The Government of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea declares its understanding that ratification of the Con- vention shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under International Law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of Biological Diversity as derogating from the principles of general International Law." SUDAN "With respect to the principle stipulated in article 3, the Government of the Sudan agrees with the spirit of the article and interprets it to mean that no state is responsible for acts that take place outside its control even if they fall within its judicial jurisdiction and may cause damage to the environment of other states or of areas beyond the limits of national judicial jurisdiction." "The Sudan also sees as regards article 14 (2), that the issue of liability and redress for damage to biological diversity should not form a priority to be tackled by the Agreement as there is ambiguity regarding the essence and scope of the studies to be carried out, in accordance with the above-mentioned article. The Sudan further believes that any such studies on liability and redress should shift towards effects of areas such as biotechnology products, environmental impacts, genetically modified organisms and acid rains." SWITZERLAND The Swiss Government wishes to emphasize particularly the progress made in establishing standard terms for cooperation between States in a very important field: research activities and activities for the transfer of technology relevant to resources from third countries. The important provisions in question create a platform for even closer cooperation with public research bodies or institutions in Switzerland and for the transfer of technologies available to governmental or public bodies, particularly universities and various publicly-funded research and development centres. It is our understanding that genetic resources acquired under the procedure specified in article 15 and developed by private research institutions will be the subject of programmes of cooperation, joint research and the transfer of technology which will respect the principles and rules for the protection of intellectual property. These principles and rules are essential for research and private investment, in particular in the latest technologies, such as modern biotechnology which requires substantial financial outlays. On the basis of this interpretation, the Swiss Government wishes to indicate that it is ready, at the opportune time, to take the appropriate general policy measures, particularly under articles 16 and 19, with a view to promoting and encouraging cooperation, on a contractual basis, between Swiss firms and the private firms and governmental bodies of other Contracting Parties. With regard to financial cooperation, Switzerland interprets the provisions of articles 20 and 21 as follows: the resources to be committed and the management system will have regard, in an equitable manner, to the needs and interests of the developing countries and to the possibilities and interests of the developed countries. Switzerland wishes to reaffirm the importance it attaches to transfers of technology and to biotechnology in order to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity The compliance with intellectual property rights constitutes an essential element for the implementation of policies for technology transfer and coinvestment. For Switzerland, transfers of technology and access to biotechnology, as defined in the text of the Convention on Biological Diversity, will be carried out in accordance with article 16 of the said Convention and in compliance with the principles and rules of protection of intellectual property, in particular multilateral and bilateral agreements signed or negotiated by the Contracting Parties to this Convention. Switzerland will encourage the use of the financial mechanism established by the Convention to promote the voluntary transfer of intellectual property rights held by Swiss operators, in particular as regards the granting of licences, through normal commercial mechanisms and decisions, while ensuring adequate and effective protection of property rights. SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC It is being understood that the signing of this