1.Accuracy2)Frequentuseoftechnicalorsemi-technicalterms:WordsborrowedfromGreekandLatin+affixation(词缀)Attic(阁楼):the small room on the roof,-Greek derivation;Architect:people who designs and supervises the construction of buildingsor otherlarge structures,-theetymon(词源)ofGreek and Latin;Hypostyle(多柱式建筑):a building with a roof or ceiling supported byrows of columns, -Greek word “hupostulos", which means resting upon pillars11
1.Accuracy • 2) Frequentuse of technical or semi-technicalterms: • Words borrowedfromGreek andLatin + affixation(词缀) • Attic(阁楼):the small room on the roof, - Greek derivation; • Architect: people who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or otherlarge structures,-the etymon(词源)of Greek and Latin; • Hypostyle(多柱式建筑): a building with a roof or ceiling supported by rows of columns, -Greek word “hupostulos”, which means resting upon pillars. 11
a.Technical terms in each branch of science have definite and fixedmeaninge.g.Laser--light amplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiationRadar一radiodetecting(探测)andranging(测距)Sonar-sound navigation(导航)andranging12
• a. Technical terms in each branch of science have definite and fixed meaning. • e.g. • Laser • - light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation • Radar • —radio detecting (探测) and ranging(测距) • Sonar • —sound navigation (导航)and ranging 12
ManytechnicaltermsaremadeupfromLatinorGreekrootswithprefixes(前缀)andsuffixes(后缀).1)Prefixes前缀astro:星,天体;宇宙astrodynamics(天体动力学);astrogeology(天体地质学);astronomy(天文学)anti一:反,抗,阻;治,止;防止,中和antibody(抗体);anticancer(抗癌的);anticorrosive防(腐)蚀(的)bio一:生命:生物;生物学的biochemistry(生物化学);bioelectricity生物(电流);biosphere(生物圈)cyber-:计算机的;互联网的cyberaddict(网迷);cyberattack(黑客攻击);cyberspace(网络空间)di-:二,二倍,二重;双,联dioxide(二氧化物);diode(二极管);diproton(双质子)electro-:电的:导电的:电解:电子(的)electroanalysis【电(解)分析];electrobiology(生物电学);eletromagnetism(电磁,电磁学)13
Many technicalterms are madeup from LatinorGreekrootswith prefixes (前缀) andsuffixes(后缀) .1)Prefixes前缀 astro—:星,天体;宇宙 astrodynamics (天体动力学); astrogeology (天体地质学); astronomy (天文学) anti—:反,抗,阻;治,止;防止,中和 antibody (抗体);anticancer(抗癌的); anticorrosive 防(腐)蚀(的) bio—:生命;生物;生物学的 biochemistry (生物化学);bioelectricity 生物(电流);biosphere (生物圈) cyber-:计算机的;互联网的 cyberaddict (网迷); cyberattack (黑客攻击); cyberspace(网络空间) di-:二,二倍,二重;双,联 dioxide (二氧化物); diode (二极管);diproton(双质子) electro-:电的;导电的;电解;电子(的) electroanalysis [电(解)分析];electrobiology (生物电学); eletromagnetism (电磁,电磁学) 13
1)Prefixes前缀macro一大,宏观的micro-小,微;扩大,放大microcomputer(微型计算机);microorganism(微生物);microscope(显微镜)mono:单,monochromator(单色仪);monotreme(单孔目动物);monoxide(一氧化物)multi-:多multiprocessing(多重处理);multipropellant(多元推进剂);multivitamin【多种维生素(的)]semi-:半;部分的,不完全的(hemi)semiconductor(半导体):semifluid(半流质的),semisphere【半球(形)1tele一:远距离:电信telecontrol(遥控);telemechanics(遥控机械学,遥控力学);telemetry(远距离测量技术)thermo-:热thermodynamics(热力学);thermometer(温度计,寒暑表);thermosphere(热大气层)thermostrans-:转移;超越transgene(转基因);translunar(月球外侧的,月球轨道外的);transplant(移植,移栽)ultra-:超,过;极端ultrasonic[超声(音速)的];ultraviolet(紫外线);ultravirus[超显微(滤过性)病毒】14
1)Prefixes 前缀 macro— 大, 宏观的 micro-: 小,微;扩大,放大 microcomputer (微型计算机);microorganism (微生物); microscope(显微镜) mono—: 单,一 monochromator (单色仪);monotreme (单孔目动物); monoxide (一氧化物) multi-:多 multiprocessing (多重处理);multipropellant (多元推进剂);multivitamin [多种维生素(的)] semi-:半;部分的,不完全的 (hemi—) semiconductor (半导体);semifluid (半流质的);semisphere [半球(形)] tele—:远距离;电信 telecontrol (遥控); telemechanics (遥控机械学,遥控力学); telemetry (远距离测量技术) thermo-:热 thermodynamics (热力学);thermo meter (温度计,寒暑表); thermosphere (热大气层) thermos trans-:转移;超越 transgene (转基因); translunar (月球外侧的,月球轨道外的);transplant (移植,移栽) ultra-:超,过;极端 ultrasonic [超声(音速)的]; ultraviolet (紫外线);ultravirus [超显微(滤过性)病毒] 14
2)Suffixes后缀fold:..倍,.。。重。。.次,...方fivefold(五倍的,五倍地)manifold(多样的,多方面的)-free:不...无。。.duty-free smoke-freeice一free(不冻的);nuclear-freezone(无核区);oil-free(不含油的):static-free(不受静电干扰的)一gram:图spectrogram(光谱图)bathygram水(海)深图;electrogram(电记录图)-cide:杀灭剂;杀suicidehomicideinsecticide杀虫(药)剂;weedicide(除草剂)-meter:剂,仪,表seismometer(地震仪);speedometer(速度计,里程计):multimeter(万用表)。学。。论-ology:cosmology(宇宙学):psychology(心理学):seismology(地震学)-proof:不透。.。的,防.。。的,抗。。的,耐.。的airproof(不透气的);fireproof(耐火的,不燃的);water一proof(防水的);heatproof[抗(隔、耐)热的l;shockproof(防震的,防电击的)bulletproof一scope:用于观察的仪器,镜microscope(显微镜)telescope(望远镜);spectroscope(分光镜);radioscope(放射镜)一tight:不透的airtight(密封的,不透气的);watertight(不透水的,防水的)15
2) Suffixes后缀 —fold: .倍,.。重,。.次,.方 fivefold (五倍的,五倍地);manifold (多样的,多方面的) —free:不.,无。. duty-free smoke-free ice—free (不冻的); nuclear-free zone (无核区); oil-free (不含油的);static-free (不受静电干扰的) —gram:图 spectrogram (光谱图); bathygram 水(海)深图;electrogram (电记录图) -cide:杀灭剂;杀 suicide homicide insecticide 杀虫(药)剂; weedicide (除草剂) -meter: 剂,仪,表 seismometer (地震仪); speedometer (速度计,里程计);multimeter (万用表) -ology: 。学,.。论 cosmology (宇宙学); psychology (心理学);seismology (地震学) -proof: 不透。.。的,防.。的,抗.。的,耐.。的 airproof (不透气的);fireproof (耐火的,不燃的);water—proof(防水的);heatproof[抗(隔、耐 )热的]; shockproof(防震的,防电击的) bulletproof —scope : 用于观察的仪器,镜 microscope(显微镜)telescope (望远镜); spectroscope (分光镜);radioscope(放射镜) —tight:不透的 airtight (密封的,不透气的);watertight (不透水的,防水的) 15