NewcastleSchoolofMarineUniversityScience&TechnologyModelling Ship Emission FactorsandEmissionIndicesDr.KayvanPazoukiDr.Alan J.MurphyRwww.ncl.ac.uk/marine
Modelling Ship Emission Factors and Emission Indices Dr. Kayvan Pazouki Dr. Alan J. Murphy
NewcastleSchoolofMarineUniversityScience&TechnologyContent.Reviewofcurrentindices Determination ofemission factorswww.ncl.ac.uk/marine
Content • Review of current indices • Determination of emission factors
NewcastleSchool ofMarineUniversity中Science&TechnologyEnvironmentalIndexSchemesforshipsThe Maritime industry recognises the need for improved air quality inports and coastlinesUse of indices toassess the environmental impact of ships and apportioncoststoharmfulemissionsthrough incentive schemes.49different initiativesidentified byCBSS(2012)usedtoassess thefollowing environmentalparameters:All Indices[e.g.]KeyAirEmissionIndiceswastewater[target pollutants]International LegislationPM[IMO]ChemicalsfromSOxNOxCO2HCcoatingsrwww.ncl.ac.uk/marine
Environmental Index Schemes for ships • The Maritime industry recognises the need for improved air quality in ports and coastlines • Use of indices to assess the environmental impact of ships and apportion costs to harmful emissions through incentive schemes. • 49 different initiatives identified by CBSS (2012) used to assess the following environmental parameters:
NewcastleSchoolofMarineUniversityScience&TechnologyCSIandESITwo widelyused indices aretheEnvironmentalShip Index(ESl)andCleanShippingIndex(CSi)Howeachindexassessthe environmental impactofa shiporfleet?What arethe incentive regimes/driving mechanisms?Howincentives/penaltiescanbequantifiedeconomicaly?Do scores fromthese indices represents thetrue environmentalfriendlinessstatusofashiporfleet?Can used emissionfactors in these indices predict the actualproductionofemissionsaccurately?rwww.ncl.ac.uk/marine
CSI and ESI • Two widely used indices are the Environmental Ship Index (ESI) and Clean Shipping Index(CSI). • How each index assess the environmental impact of a ship or fleet? • What are the incentive regimes/driving mechanisms? • How incentives/penalties can be quantified economically? • Do scores from these indices represents the true environmental friendliness status of a ship or fleet? • Can used emission factors in these indices predict the actual production of emissions accurately?
NewcastleSchool ofMarineUniversityXScience&TechnologyBreakdownof ESlscoringsystems[NEngines(NOxLimit100-NOxRatingESI NOx= Installed Power(RatedPower)NOxLimit70ESIS0x=30x+35y+35z603.5-%SHFO50X3.5-1.0As1.0 - %SLowSulphurHFOorMDOy=1.0-0.5300.5 -%SLowSulphurMDOorLNG200.5-0.010For CO,a rawvalueof 10forvoluntaryreportingtheEEOl,otherwiseitiszeroNOXSOXCO2&OPSScorefunction2www.ncl.ac.uk/marine
Breakdown of ESI scoring systems 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 NOX SOX CO2 & OPS ESI Score Score function 𝐸𝑆𝐼 𝑁𝑂𝑋 = 100 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑁𝑂𝑋𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 − 𝑁𝑂𝑋𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑁𝑂𝑋𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑖 . 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖 𝑁𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑖=1 𝐸𝑆𝐼 𝑆𝑂𝑋 = 30𝑥 + 35𝑦 + 35𝑧 𝑥 = 3.5 − %𝑆 3.5 − 1.0 𝑦 = 1.0 − %𝑆 1.0 − 0.5 𝑧 = 0.5 − %𝑆 0.5 − 0.0 For CO2 a raw value of 10 for voluntary reporting the EEOI, otherwise it is zero HFO Low Sulphur HFO or MDO Low Sulphur MDO or LNG