Online Dissertation Services yoe如 dn mamboed dsrrtahon temes (pntt,bmam, how to order,er. than select od pgr的d胜 ong for easy Web machang and ardenne check out unertan Epen and Pre ou Deal Darertaton Darton Erpen offr and abrams on newty ay research top DISSERTATION Pres ProQuest puna D mation about additonal desertation prodata mry be found出d上Srsn Informahon er Authen ( Contrrtr 图35 UMI Dissertation Service 下面是篇有关激光测量技术的博土学位论文的索引和文摘 Full Citation Abstract PUBLICATION NUMBE AAT9972634 TITLE Laser-induced thermal acoustic velocimetry AUTHOR Schlamp, Stefan DEGREE PhD SCHOOL CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DATE 2000 PAGES 119 ADVISER Harmung, Hans g. ISBN05997796 SOURCE DAI-B 61/05, P 2633, Nov 2000 SUBJECT ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE(0538); PHYSICS, FLUID AND PLASMA(0159 PHYSICS, OPTICS(0752); REMOTE SENSING(0799) DIGITAL FORMATS 5.01Mb image-only PDF Laser-Induced Thermal Acoustics (LTA)is a non- intrusive, remote, four-wave mixing laser diagnostic technique for measurements of the speed of sound and of the thermal diffusivity in gases. If the gas composition is known, then its temperature and density can be inferred. Beam misalignments and bulk fluid velocities can influence the time history and intensity of lITA signals. a closed-form analytic expression for LIfA signals incorporating these effects is derived. The magnitude of beam misalignment and the flow velocity can be infered from the signal shape using a least-squares fit of this model to the
experimental data. High-speed velocimetry using homodyne detection is demonstrated with NOr-seeded air in a supe ic blow-down nozzle. The measured speed of sound de less than 2%% from the theoretical value assuming isentropic quasi-ID flow. Boundary layer degrade the velocity measurements to errors of 20% Heterodyne detection is used for low-speed velocimetry up to Mach number M=0.1. The uncertainty of the velocity measurements was &t sim; 0. 2 m/s. The sound speed measurements were repeatable to O.5%. The agreement between theory and experiments is very good. a one-hidden-layer feed-forward neural network is trained using back-propagation leaning and a steepest descent learning rule to extract the speed of sound and flow velocity from a heterodyne LITA signal. The effect of the network size on the performance is demonstrated. The accuracy is determined with a second set of lIta signals that were not used during the training phase. The accuracy is found to be better than that of a conventional frequency decomposition technique while being computationally as efficient. This data analysis method is robust with respect to noise, numerically stable, and fast enough for real-time data analysis. The accuracy and uncertainty of non-resonant LITA measurements is investigated, The error in measurements of the speed of sound and of the thermal diffusivity initially decreases with increasing ional intensity(excitation beam pulse energy) and increases again after passing a minimum. The location of the minimum error for the speed of sound and for the thermal diffusivity coincide. The eors at the minimum are 0.03% and 1%, respectively. The uncertainties for the speed of sound and the thermal diffusivity decrease monotonically to 0. 25% and 5%, respectively. The increased error for high excitation beam pulse energies results from finite-strength waves that cannot be treated using the linearized equations of motion 34专利文献 341专利简介 专利可以看作为国家和发明者之间的协议,国家授予发明者一定期限(般是二十年)的专 利权或独占权,作为条件,发明者应当公布他的发明。在专利的有效期限之内,其他人只有得到 发明者的许可之后才能使用受专利保护的发明。但是当传专利权到期之后,公众就可以免费使用该 发明。专利方面保护发明者的权益,另一方面也促进社会的技术进步 当今全世界都普遍实行了专利制度,任何单位或个人,当他准备制造一种产品或实现种 加工方法或工艺过程时,都应该首先查阅专利文献,以确定这种产品或工艺是否受其他人的专 利保护。一项发明必须具有创新和实用价值才能获得专利,为了保护自己的利益,发明者在申 请专利之前都要保守他的技术秘密。关于发明的技术细节的报道往往都是首先出现在专利文献 中。经常阅读专利文献,是及时了解最新的技术进展的有效方法。专利法规定发明者申请专利 时必须充分地和详细地说明他的发明,使得同行的专家能再现这项发明。阅读这些技术细节很 可能使我们得到启发而形成自己的创见。从产品开发和技术进步的角度看,工程技术人员应当 重视专利文献 重要的专利术语 Intelectual property
The general term for intangible property rights which are a result of intellectual effort Patents, rademarks, designs and copyright are the main intellectual property A patent is an intellectual property right relating to inventions-that is, to advances made in a technical field. A patent for an invention is granted by the govermment to the applicant, and gives him the right for a limited period to stop others from making, using or selling the invention without permission. In retum for this right, the applicant must disclose how his invention works in sufficient detail When a patent is granted, the applicant becomes the owner of the patent. Like any other form of property, patent can be bought, sold, licensed or mortg Patentability The basic conditions of patentability, which am apphication must meet before it is granted, are that the invention must be novel, contain an inventive step, be capable of industrial apphcation and not be in on of a number of excluded fields. Patents are not available for, amongst other things, discoveries and scientific theories, mathematical methods, computer software producing no technical effect, methods of doing business and aesthetic creations Abstract A concise summary of the invention described in a patent application. It should include all the most important techmical features of the inventio Claims a precise statement in English of the invention that the applicant wishes to protect a main claim will define the invention in its broadest form, by including its essential technical features. Further dependant"claims can then relate to additional features of the invention A full and detailed explanation of the invention and how it works, filed at the Oiice to ini tent application. The description may be accompanied by one or more drawings If an application for a patent is to be granted, the invention must be novel. This means that the invention must: not have been publicly disclosed, anywhere in the world, before the date of fling of the patent application for before the priority date, if the apphication has one). Inventive step If a patent for an invention is to be granted, the invention must contain an inventive step. This means that the invention must not be an obvious development of what has gone before, when considered by someone who is skilled in the area of technology to which the invention relates Specification The term used to cover the description, drawings and claims contained in an application
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