5 Imagine you are on a boat with twenty-nine other people. You have a small box for your personal things but it can only hold ten items. what would you need for a week's journey across the North Sea to England? Category Items Category Items Clothes Sho Hygiene Too Bedding Medicines Discuss your list with your partner and combine the two sets of choices to make a third and better list. Be prepared to justify your choices to the class rage rning bou t Lang ful words and exp 1 Replace the words underlined by ones of similar meaning from the reading assage Seeing the dark clouds above him, George hurried for home 2 Sailing a boat alone far away from the shore made Flora's parents worry about her safety 3 Clare, would you please put your bicycle next to the others in the shed? 4 Why dont you plot a more simple route with the smallest number of stops? "asked Mary 5 Setting out on a long journey by sea with unskilled sailors would be dangerous especially if there were no modern navigational instruments Find the words from the reading passage that are the opposite of these compound words anywhere upload inward unreliable ower strong point 3 Write down the words you know, which are related to navigation and sea. Navigation Sea 15
Complete the following paragraph with the words below. precise outward nowhere awkward reference seaweed accelerate randomly alongside approximate Samuel the sailor was extremely good at plotting his course using the stars as a One day he was determined to set out on a across an unknown sea to an unknown continent. He set out with his instruments so he would not be at the of the sea. He found on his rocky island. It seemed to be covered in nests. Suddenly, as Samuel looked, an enormous bird swooped down and picked him up as if he were a/an parcel. It its speed and rose straight up into the air so as to reach the place on the rocks where its nest lay. Once there, it shook itself and threw Samuel in the direction of the nest. There seemed to be to hide but then he noticed lots of on his left and quickly hid under it. The bird landed nearby and pecked at the rocks. Samuel rolled over swiftly and found himself at the edge of the clifT. He looked down slowly with a beating heart. Below him was his boat lying the shore!How lucky I am! "Samuel thought to himself. He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it. Once inside he could safely sail away Revising useful structures 1 Read the information below and learn more about Captain Cook. Then underline the predicates in the sentences I James Cook was a great English navigator and Pacific Ocean expedition leader 2 He had not only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration, but also a real concern for sailors' health. He carried out compulsory dietary reforms that were copied by many other ship captains 3 He had led three great Pacific voyages during his life 4 In his first Pacific voyage in 1769. James Cook rounded Cape Horn, then spent six months charting New Zealand, and finally explored and claimed possession of eastern Australia 5 In 1772. Captain Cook set sail to look for a"theorized great southen continent". Although they could not manage to reach the Antarctic owing to the ice. he predicted that if it did exist, it would have to be a wasteland 6 In 1776. Captain Cook started his third Pacific voyage, searching for the Northwest Passage from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. Unfortunately, he was killed in a dispute with Hawaian natives and his mens attempt at the Northwest Passage was unsuccessful. However this voyage is still recognized as especially significant in the history of the discovery of the west coast of North America. 16
Urit 2 saina the oceans Complete the following dialogue, using verbs in their proper forms. Remember to read the conversation before and after each blank before you fill it in SUSAN: Do you think you'll be going to that pop concert next week? CLARE: No. Let's forget about that as it'll soon be time for our exams SUSAN CLARE: I don, t really think I need to do more revision. I,ve done enough but it ll help me forget the concert you'll be enjoying SUSAN CLARE: Actually there is a reason. I don' t think I'm going to have enough money even though Ive been saving especially for this occasion SUSAN CLARE: Well, thank you for offering to help me. I'll happily clean your father's car if he'll pay me too SUSAN: CLARE: I hope you' ll thank him for me. I'd never be allowed to clean my father's car He is so proud of it he wont let anyone touch it. SUSAN CLARE: His fourth car? My goodness. He must have been earning a lot of money to have owned so many SUSAN CLARE: Oh I see! That explains things. Please would you phone him now and ask him when it would be convenient for me to clean it? SUSAN: CLARE: Thats so kind of you. Now while I' m doing the cleaning perhaps you can order our tickets for the concert. I'll go and get ready to begin work. See you soon. Thanks and goodbye a6enbuen busn Reading, speaking and writing THE GREATEST NAVIGATIONAL JOURNEY: 月 LESSON IN SURVIVAL I am proud to have sailed with Captain Bligh on his joumey of over 40 days through about 4,000 miles in an open boat across the Pacific Ocean in 1789. Our outward voyage in the"Bounty"to Tahiti had been filled with the kind of incidents that I thought would be my stories when I returmed home. But how wrong I was! On our departure from Tahiti, some of the crew took over the ship They deposited the captain into a small boat to let him find his own way home. But who else was to go with him? Those of us on board the"Bounty"were caught in a dilemma Was it better to risk certain death by sitting close together on a small, crowded open boat with very little food and water? Or should one stay on the"Bounty" with the crew and face certain death from the British Navy if caught? The drawback of staying on the ship seemed to grow as I thought about how wrong it was to treat Captain Bligh in this way. So I joined him in the small boat. As dusk fell, we seemed to face an uncertain future. We had no charts and the only instruments the captain was allowed to 17
take with him were a compass and a quadrant Once we were at sea, our routine every day was the same. At sunrise and sunset the captain measured our position using the quadrant and set the course using the compass. It was extremely difficult for us to get a correct reading from the quadrant as the boat moved constantly. The captain used a system called"dead reckoning". He knew there was land directly northwest of our original position. So his task was to make sure we stayed on that course. As you can see from the map we kept to a straight course pretty well. In addition, the captain kept us all busy reading the tables to work out our position. Although this took a great deal of time, it didnt matter. Time was, after all. what we had a lot of! Our daily food was shared equally among us all: one piece of bread and one cup of water. It was starvation quantities but the extreme lack of water was the hardest to cope with psychologically. Imagine all that water around you, but none of it was safe to drink because the salt in it would drive you mad! All the time the captain tried to preserve our good spirits by telling stories and talking hopefully about what we would do when we got back to En gland. We only half believed him. The tension in the boat got worse as the supply of food and water gradually disappeared. We could foresee that we would die if we could not reach land very soon and we sank gradually into a sleepy, half-alive state. The captain was as weak as the rest of us, but he was determined not to give up. He continued his navigational measurements every day. He kept us busy and tried to take our minds off our Map of Captain Bligh's journey stomachs and our thirst. He kept us alive. You could not imagine a more disturbing sight than what we looked like when arriving in Timor over forty days after being set loose in our small boat. Our clothes were torn, we had fever and our faces showed the hardships we had suffered. But after a rest, some good meals and some new clothes, everything changed. We couldn' t stop talking about our voyage and everybody wanted to hear about it. We were the heroes who had escaped the jaws of death by completing the greatest navigational feat of all time! 1 When Captain Bligh returned home he was treated as a hero It was discussed whether he should receive a special medal or not. Get into groups of four and discuss these questions. then role- play the dialogue. I Why do you think this writer describes his journey as one of the greatest in navigational history? Do you agree? Give your reasons. What kind of leadership qualities do you think Captain Bligh showed? Are these the only qualities needed for a good captain? Make a list of the qualities you think are important. Give our reasons The words and expressions on the next page might be useful for you 18
Unit 2 sailing the Why are you How could you… Why did you… Because of It was because The reason is that As he Since he… Now that He . so he is ill with fever after the voyage. It was due to… tis…, so Im afraid That's why… Therefore,… Be prepared to give a group presentation to the whole class 2 Now write a report to your leader explaining to him why you think Captain Bligh should or should not receive the medal. Follow these steps Write down your ideas in the order as they occur to you Number the ideas so that they are in a logical order. Each paragraph should explain one of the reasons why Captain Bligh should get the medal or not Your last paragraph should emphasize again the most important reasons why you think Captain Bligh should or should not get the medal Listening and speaking 1 Read these words and then listen to the tape circle those aids that early sailors used to find their way. compass fish movements stars weather waves currents clouds rainfall other ships mountains 2 Listen to the tape again and fill in the chart Sailors from Sea or Ocean Skills Phoenicia Mediterranean Used the sky to find their way North Polynesia 3 These are some viking sailing directions from norway to Greenland Sail west but keep to the north of the Shetland Islands so you can hardly see them in good weather Stay far enough south of the Faroes so that their steep mountains are just halfway up the horizon e Keep south of Iceland so that you cannot see land but just coastal birds Follow this route and you should reach Greenland Use the information from the listening to explain these sailing tegies 19