米米米米How to understand?米米米米a.) word meaning in context-No context, no text.米米维特根斯坦（1953：31）：Themeaningofawordisitsusein the language.米米米一个词的意义就是它在语言中的运用。VHymes (1972: xix ) points out, “The key to understandinglanguage in context is to start not with language, but withcontext."米米米米米米福/Each word when used in a new context is a new word.(J.R. Firth,1890-1960,a famous linguist in England P.30)米米米37*米米临*米
37 a.) word meaning in context-No context, no text. ü维特根斯坦（1953：31）: The meaning of a word is its use in the language. 一个词的意义就是它在语言中的运用。 üHymes (1972: xix ) points out, “The key to understanding language in context is to start not with language, but with context.” üEach word when used in a new context is a new word. （J.R. Firth,1890-1960,a famous linguist in England P.30） How to understand?
练习第一章：翻译概述DearMarkNew York is finally getting a real sales manager.Congratulations on your new promotion.Your marketing ability has put you well aboveeveryone else in the company,and probably everyone elseintheindustry.The company will benefit from the enthusiasm andintelligence you've always shown, and I imagine thatbefore long you'll be moving the whole firm into thenumber -one position.[Version]38
38 Dear Mark, New York is finally getting a real sales manager. Congratulations on your new promotion. Your marketing ability has put you well above everyone else in the company, and probably everyone else in the industry. The company will benefit from the enthusiasm and intelligence you’ve always shown, and I imagine that before long you’ll be moving the whole firm into the number - one position. [Version] 第一章：翻译概述——练习
练习第一章：翻译概述亲爱的马克：纽的终于有了位真正的销售（部经理：祝贺你的)又一次高升你所具有的市场营销知识（能力）使你在公司里出人头地，很可能在警个营销业中你也高人一筹。你一贯表现出来的热情及聪明智将会使你不久你就会使你的公司名列园的公司受益逃浅，我想行讠首。[Original]39
39 亲爱的马克: 纽约终于有了位真正的 销售(部)经理， 祝贺你 (的)又一次高升。 你所具有的市场营销知识(能力）使你 在公司里 出人头地，很可能 在整个营销业中 你也 高人一筹。 你一贯表现出来的 热情 及 聪明才智将会 使你 的公司受益匪浅，我想 不久你就会使你的公司名列同 行之首。 [Original] 第一章：翻译概述——练习
第二章：英汉语言现象比较As you know, our native language Chinese is quitedifferent from English. There is really a big gap betweenthe characteristics of the two languages. In order to learnthe translation course better, we have to study thecomparison between the source language and the targetlanguage. Just because all the theories, methods,techniques concerning English-Chinese translation arebased on the comparison, it is very important, so to say,to master the languages' peculiarities.40
40 As you know, our native language Chinese is quite different from English. There is really a big gap between the characteristics of the two languages. In order to learn the translation course better, we have to study the comparison between the source language and the target language. Just because all the theories, methods, techniques concerning English-Chinese translation are based on the comparison, it is very important, so to say, to master the languages’ peculiarities. 第二章：英汉语言现象比较
语系比较第二章：英汉语言现象比较Only by doing so can we raise ourdistinguishing ability, have a good command of thecharacteristics and apply the techniques consciouslyin our translation. Thus we can achieve bettercomprehension and better representation. Thecomparison here will be shown in the followingpoints:I. Language Families (语系)41
41 O n l y b y d o i n g s o c a n w e r a is e o u r distinguishing ability, have a good command of the characteristics and apply the techniques consciously in our translation. Thus we can achieve better comprehension and better representation. The comparison here will be shown in the following points: I. Language Families (语系) 第二章：英汉语言现象比较——语系比较