世界发展指标（2007）2007 WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

PARTNERS Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)includes 30 member countries shar- OECD ing a commitment to democratic government and the market economy.With active relationships with some 70 other countries,nongovernmental organizations,and civil society,it has a global reach.It is best known OCDE for its publications and statistics,which cover economic and social issues from macroeconomics to trade, education.development,and science and innovation. The Development Assistance Committee (DAC,www.oecd.org/dac/)is one of the principal bod- ies through which the OECD deals with issues related to cooperation with developing countries.The DAc is a key forum of major bilateral donors,who work together to increase the effectiveness of their common efforts to support sustainable development.The DAC concentrates on two key areas: the contribution of international development to the capacity of developing countries to participate in the global economy and the capacity of people to overcome poverty and participate fully in their societies. For more information,see www.oecd.org/. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)conducts research on questions of conflict sipri and cooperation of importance for international peace and security,with the aim of contributing to an under- standing of the conditions for peaceful solutions to international conflicts and for a stable peace.SIPRI's main publication,SIPRI Yearbook,is an authoritive and independent source on armaments and arms control and other conflict and security issues. For more information,see www.sipri.org/. Understanding Children's Work As part of broader efforts to develop effective and long-term solutions to child labor,the International Labor Organization,the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF),and the World Bank initiated the joint interagency research program "Understanding Children's Work and Its Impact"in December 2000.The Understanding Children's Work(UCW)project was located at UNICEF's Innocenti Research Centre in Flor- ence,Italy,until June 2004,when it moved to the Centre for International Studies on Economic Growth in Rome. The UCW project addresses the crucial need for more and better data on child labor.UCW's online data- base contains data by country on child labor and the status of children. For more information,see www.ucw-project.org/. United Nations The United Nations currently has 192 member states.The purposes of the United Nations,as set forth in the Charter,are to maintain international peace and security;to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international economic,social,cultural,and humanitarian problems and in promot- ing respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms;and to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends. For more information,see www.un.org/. xiv 2007 World Development Indicators

xiv 2007 World Development Indicators Partners Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) includes 30 member countries shar￾ing a commitment to democratic government and the market economy. With active relationships with some 70 other countries, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society, it has a global reach. It is best known for its publications and statistics, which cover economic and social issues from macroeconomics to trade, education, development, and science and innovation. The Development Assistance Committee (DAC, www.oecd.org/dac/) is one of the principal bod￾ies through which the OECD deals with issues related to cooperation with developing countries. The DAC is a key forum of major bilateral donors, who work together to increase the effectiveness of their common efforts to support sustainable development. The DAC concentrates on two key areas: the contribution of international development to the capacity of developing countries to participate in the global economy and the capacity of people to overcome poverty and participate fully in their societies. For more information, see www.oecd.org/. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) conducts research on questions of conflict and cooperation of importance for international peace and security, with the aim of contributing to an under￾standing of the conditions for peaceful solutions to international conflicts and for a stable peace. SIPRI’s main publication, SIPRI Yearbook, is an authoritive and independent source on armaments and arms control and other conflict and security issues. For more information, see www.sipri.org/. Understanding Children’s Work As part of broader efforts to develop effective and long-term solutions to child labor, the International Labor Organization, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and the World Bank initiated the joint interagency research program “Understanding Children’s Work and Its Impact” in December 2000. The Understanding Children’s Work (UCW) project was located at UNICEF’s Innocenti Research Centre in Flor￾ence, Italy, until June 2004, when it moved to the Centre for International Studies on Economic Growth in Rome. The UCW project addresses the crucial need for more and better data on child labor. UCW’s online data￾base contains data by country on child labor and the status of children. For more information, see www.ucw-project.org/. United Nations The United Nations currently has 192 member states. The purposes of the United Nations, as set forth in the Charter, are to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems and in promot￾ing respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; and to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends. For more information, see www.un.org/. WDI07 frontmatter.indd 14 3/25/07 12:17:57 PM

United Nations Centre for Human Settlements,Global Urban Observatory The Urban Indicators Programme of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme was established to address the urgent global need to improve the urban knowledge base by helping countries and cities design, collect,and apply policy-oriented indicators related to development at the city level. With the Urban Indicators and Best Practices programs,the Global Urban Observatory is establishing a worldwide information,assessment,and capacity building network to help governments,local authorities, the private sector,and nongovernmental and other civil society organizations. For more information,see www.unhabitat.org/. United Nations Children's Fund The United Nations Children's Fund works with other UN bodies and with governments and nongovernmental organizations to improve children's lives in more than 140 developing countries through community-based services in primary health care,basic education,and safe water and sanitation. unicef For more information,see www.unicef.org/. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly in the field of trade and development.Its mandate is to accelerate economic growth and development,particularly in developing countries.UNCTAD discharges its mandate through policy UNCTAD analysis;intergovernmental deliberations,consensus building,and negotiation;monitoring,implementation, and follow-up;and technical cooperation. For more information,see www.unctad.org/. United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization,Institute for Statistics The United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that promotes "collaboration among nations through education,science,and culture in order to further universal respect for justice,for the rule of law,and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms ..for the peoples of the world,without distinction of race,sex,language,or religion." For more information,see www.uis.unesco.org/. United Nations Environment Programme The mandate of the United Nations Environment Programme is to provide leadership and encourage partner- ship in caring for the environment by inspiring,informing.and enabling nations and people to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. For more information,see www.unep.org/. United Nations Industrial Development Organization The United Nations Industrial Development Organization was established to act as the central coordinating body for industrial activities and to promote industrial development and cooperation at the global,regional, 2007 World Development Indicators XV

2007 World Development Indicators xv United Nations Centre for Human Settlements, Global Urban Observatory The Urban Indicators Programme of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme was established to address the urgent global need to improve the urban knowledge base by helping countries and cities design, collect, and apply policy-oriented indicators related to development at the city level. With the Urban Indicators and Best Practices programs, the Global Urban Observatory is establishing a worldwide information, assessment, and capacity building network to help governments, local authorities, the private sector, and nongovernmental and other civil society organizations. For more information, see www.unhabitat.org/. United Nations Children’s Fund The United Nations Children’s Fund works with other UN bodies and with governments and nongovernmental organizations to improve children’s lives in more than 140 developing countries through community-based services in primary health care, basic education, and safe water and sanitation. For more information, see www.unicef.org/. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly in the field of trade and development. Its mandate is to accelerate economic growth and development, particularly in developing countries. UNCTAD discharges its mandate through policy analysis; intergovernmental deliberations, consensus building, and negotiation; monitoring, implementation, and follow-up; and technical cooperation. For more information, see www.unctad.org/. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Institute for Statistics The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that promotes “collaboration among nations through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, for the rule of law, and for the human rights and fundamental freedoms . . . for the peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language, or religion.” For more information, see www.uis.unesco.org/. United Nations Environment Programme The mandate of the United Nations Environment Programme is to provide leadership and encourage partner￾ship in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and people to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. For more information, see www.unep.org/. United Nations Industrial Development Organization The United Nations Industrial Development Organization was established to act as the central coordinating body for industrial activities and to promote industrial development and cooperation at the global, regional, WDI07 frontmatter.indd 15 3/25/07 12:17:58 PM

PARTNERS national,and sectoral levels.Its mandate is to help develop scientific and technological plans and programs for industrialization in the public,cooperative,and private sectors. For more information,see www.unido.org/. World Bank Group The World Bank Group is the world's largest source of development assistance.Its mission is to fight poverty and improve the living standards of people in the developing world.It is a development bank,providing loans policy advice,technical assistance,and knowledge sharing services to low-and middle-income countries to reduce poverty.The Bank promotes growth to create jobs and to empower poor people to take advantage of these opportunities.It uses its financial resources,trained staff,and extensive knowledge base to help each developing country onto a path of stable,sustainable,and equitable growth in the fight against poverty. The World Bank Group has 185 member countries. For more information,see www.worldbank.org/data/. World Health Organization The objective of the World Health Organization(WHO),a specialized agency of the United Nations,is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health.The WHO carries out a wide range of func- tions,including coordinating international health work;helping governments strengthen health services; providing technical assistance and emergency aid:working for the prevention and control of disease:pro- moting improved nutrition,housing,sanitation,recreation,and economic and working conditions;promoting and coordinating biomedical and health services research;promoting improved standards of teaching and training in health and medical professions;establishing international standards for biological,pharmaceuti- cal,and similar products;and standardizing diagnostic procedures. For more information,see www.who.int/. World Intellectual Property Organization The World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO)is an international organization dedicated to helping to ensure that the rights of creators and owners of intellectual property are protected worldwide and that inventors and authors are thus recognized and rewarded for their ingenuity.WIPO's main tasks include harmonizing national intellectual property legislation and procedures,providing services for international applications for industrial property rights,exchanging intellectual property information,providing legal and technical assistance to developing and other countries facilitating the resolution of private intellectual property disputes,and marshalling information technology as a tool for storing,accessing,and using valuable intellectual property information.A substantial part of its activities and resources is devoted to development cooperation with developing countries. For more information,see www.wipo.int/. World Tourism Organization The World Tourism Organization is an intergovernmental body entrusted by the United Nations with promoting and developing tourism.It serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues and a source of tourism know-how. For more information,see www.world-tourism.org/. xvi 2007 World Development Indicators

xvi 2007 World Development Indicators Partners national, and sectoral levels. Its mandate is to help develop scientific and technological plans and programs for industrialization in the public, cooperative, and private sectors. For more information, see www.unido.org/. World Bank Group The World Bank Group is the world’s largest source of development assistance. Its mission is to fight poverty and improve the living standards of people in the developing world. It is a development bank, providing loans, policy advice, technical assistance, and knowledge sharing services to low- and middle-income countries to reduce poverty. The Bank promotes growth to create jobs and to empower poor people to take advantage of these opportunities. It uses its financial resources, trained staff, and extensive knowledge base to help each developing country onto a path of stable, sustainable, and equitable growth in the fight against poverty. The World Bank Group has 185 member countries. For more information, see www.worldbank.org/data/. World Health Organization The objective of the World Health Organization (WHO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health. The WHO carries out a wide range of func￾tions, including coordinating international health work; helping governments strengthen health services; providing technical assistance and emergency aid; working for the prevention and control of disease; pro￾moting improved nutrition, housing, sanitation, recreation, and economic and working conditions; promoting and coordinating biomedical and health services research; promoting improved standards of teaching and training in health and medical professions; establishing international standards for biological, pharmaceuti￾cal, and similar products; and standardizing diagnostic procedures. For more information, see www.who.int/. World Intellectual Property Organization The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is an international organization dedicated to helping to ensure that the rights of creators and owners of intellectual property are protected worldwide and that inventors and authors are thus recognized and rewarded for their ingenuity. WIPO’s main tasks include harmonizing national intellectual property legislation and procedures, providing services for international applications for industrial property rights, exchanging intellectual property information, providing legal and technical assistance to developing and other countries facilitating the resolution of private intellectual property disputes, and marshalling information technology as a tool for storing, accessing, and using valuable intellectual property information. A substantial part of its activities and resources is devoted to development cooperation with developing countries. For more information, see www.wipo.int/. World Tourism Organization The World Tourism Organization is an intergovernmental body entrusted by the United Nations with promoting and developing tourism. It serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues and a source of tourism know-how. For more information, see www.world-tourism.org/. WDI07 frontmatter.indd 16 3/25/07 12:17:59 PM

World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization(WTO)is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations.Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly,predictably,and 乡 freely as possible.It does this by administering trade agreements,acting as a forum for trade negotia- tions,settling trade disputes,reviewing national trade policies,assisting developing countries in trade policy issues-through technical assistance and training programs-and cooperating with other inter- national organizations.At the heart of the system-known as the multilateral trading system-are the WTO's agreements,negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world's trading nations and ratified by their parliaments. For more information,see www.wto.org/. Private and nongovernmental organizations Containerisation International Containerisation International Yearbook is one of the most authoritative reference books on the con- tainer industry.The information can be accessed on the Containerisation International Web site,which CONTAINERISATON also provides a comprehensive online daily business news and information service for the container YEARBOOK industry. For more information,see www.ci-online.co.uk/. International Institute for Strategic Studies The International Institute for Strategic Studies(IISS)provides information and analysis on strategic trends and facilitates contacts between government leaders,business people,and analysts that could lead to better public policy in international security and international relations.The lISS is a primary source of accurate, ISS objective information on international strategic issues. For more information,see www.iiss.org/. International Road Federation The International Road Federation(IRF)is a nongovernmental,not-for-profit organization with a mission to encourage and promote development and maintenance of better and safer roads and road networks.It helps put in place technological solutions and management practices that provide maximum economic and social returns from national road investments. The IRF has a major role to play in all aspects of road policy and development worldwide.For govern- ments and financial institutions,the IRF provides a wide base of expertise for planning road develop- ment strategy and policy.For its members,the IRF is a business network,a link to external institutions and agencies and a business card of introduction to government officials and decisionmakers.For the community of road professionals,the IRF is a source of support and information for national road associations,advocacy groups,companies,and institutions dedicated to the development of road infrastructure. For more information,see www.irfnet.org/. 2007 World Development Indicators I xvii

2007 World Development Indicators xvii World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible. It does this by administering trade agreements, acting as a forum for trade negotia￾tions, settling trade disputes, reviewing national trade policies, assisting developing countries in trade policy issues—through technical assistance and training programs—and cooperating with other inter￾national organizations. At the heart of the system—known as the multilateral trading system—are the WTO’s agreements, negotiated and signed by a large majority of the world’s trading nations and ratified by their parliaments. For more information, see www.wto.org/. Private and nongovernmental organizations Containerisation International Containerisation International Yearbook is one of the most authoritative reference books on the con￾tainer industry. The information can be accessed on the Containerisation International Web site, which also provides a comprehensive online daily business news and information service for the container industry. For more information, see www.ci-online.co.uk/. International Institute for Strategic Studies The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) provides information and analysis on strategic trends and facilitates contacts between government leaders, business people, and analysts that could lead to better public policy in international security and international relations. The IISS is a primary source of accurate, objective information on international strategic issues. For more information, see www.iiss.org/. International Road Federation The International Road Federation (IRF) is a nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization with a mission to encourage and promote development and maintenance of better and safer roads and road networks. It helps put in place technological solutions and management practices that provide maximum economic and social returns from national road investments. The IRF has a major role to play in all aspects of road policy and development worldwide. For govern￾ments and financial institutions, the IRF provides a wide base of expertise for planning road develop￾ment strategy and policy. For its members, the IRF is a business network, a link to external institutions and agencies and a business card of introduction to government officials and decisionmakers. For the community of road professionals, the IRF is a source of support and information for national road associations, advocacy groups, companies, and institutions dedicated to the development of road infrastructure. For more information, see www.irfnet.org/. WDI07 frontmatter.indd 17 3/25/07 12:18:00 PM

PARTNERS Netcraft Netcraft's work includes the provision of network security services and research data and analysis of the Internet.It is an authority on the market share of Web servers,operating systems,hosting providers, Internet service providers,encrypted transactions,electronic commerce,scripting languages,and content technologies on the Internet. For more information,see www.netcraft.com/. PricewaterhouseCoopers PricewaterhouseCoopers provides industry-focused assurance,tax,and advisory services for public and private clients in corporate accountability,risk management,structuring and mergers and acquisitions,and performance and process improvement. For more information,see www.pwcglobal.com/. Standard Poor's Emerging Markets Data Base Standard Poor's Emerging Markets Data Base(EMDB)is the world's leading source for information STANDARD and indices on stock markets in developing countries.It currently covers 53 markets and more than &POOR'S 2,600 stocks.Drawing a sample of stocks in each EMDB market,Standard Poor's calculates indices to serve as benchmarks that are consistent across national boundaries.Standard Poor's calculates one index,the S&P/IFCG(Global)index,that reflects the perspective of local investors and those inter- ested in broad trends in emerging markets and another,the S&P/IFCI(Investable)index,that provides a broad,neutral,and historically consistent benchmark for the growing emerging market investment community. For more information,see www.standardandpoors.com/. World Conservation Monitoring Centre The World Conservation Monitoring Centre provides information on the conservation and sustainable use of 田 the world's living resources and helps others to develop information systems of their own.It works in close collaboration with a wide range of people and organizations to increase access to the information needed for wise management of the world's living resources. 8鼎品aT For more information,see www.unep-wcmc.org/. World Information Technology and Services Alliance The World Information Technology and Services Alliance(WITSA)is the global voice of the information tech- nology industry.It is dedicated to advocating policies that advance the industry's growth and development; facilitating international trade and investment in information technology products and services;strengthening WITSA's national industry associations;and providing members with a broad network of contacts.WITSA also hosts the World Congress on Information Technology and other worldwide events. For more information,see www.witsa.org/. xvii 2007 World Development Indicators

xviii 2007 World Development Indicators Partners Netcraft Netcraft’s work includes the provision of network security services and research data and analysis of the Internet. It is an authority on the market share of Web servers, operating systems, hosting providers, Internet service providers, encrypted transactions, electronic commerce, scripting languages, and content technologies on the Internet. For more information, see www.netcraft.com/. PricewaterhouseCoopers PricewaterhouseCoopers provides industry-focused assurance, tax, and advisory services for public and private clients in corporate accountability, risk management, structuring and mergers and acquisitions, and performance and process improvement. For more information, see www.pwcglobal.com/. Standard & Poor’s Emerging Markets Data Base Standard & Poor’s Emerging Markets Data Base (EMDB) is the world’s leading source for information and indices on stock markets in developing countries. It currently covers 53 markets and more than 2,600 stocks. Drawing a sample of stocks in each EMDB market, Standard & Poor’s calculates indices to serve as benchmarks that are consistent across national boundaries. Standard & Poor’s calculates one index, the S&P/IFCG (Global) index, that reflects the perspective of local investors and those inter￾ested in broad trends in emerging markets and another, the S&P/IFCI (Investable) index, that provides a broad, neutral, and historically consistent benchmark for the growing emerging market investment community. For more information, see www.standardandpoors.com/. World Conservation Monitoring Centre The World Conservation Monitoring Centre provides information on the conservation and sustainable use of the world’s living resources and helps others to develop information systems of their own. It works in close collaboration with a wide range of people and organizations to increase access to the information needed for wise management of the world’s living resources. For more information, see www.unep-wcmc.org/. World Information Technology and Services Alliance The World Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA) is the global voice of the information tech￾nology industry. It is dedicated to advocating policies that advance the industry’s growth and development; facilitating international trade and investment in information technology products and services; strengthening WITSA’s national industry associations; and providing members with a broad network of contacts. WITSA also hosts the World Congress on Information Technology and other worldwide events. For more information, see www.witsa.org/. WDI07 frontmatter.indd 18 3/25/07 12:18:00 PM