世界发展指标（2007）2007 WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS.pdf

PREFAC旺 You can't monitor development progress without good data.The point may seem obvious,but it bears repeating.What we know about development-successes and failures-depends on the availability and quality of data.Data are the evidence for evidence-based decisionmaking.When we talk about managing for development results,we are talking about using data to plan,implement,guide,and evaluate development programs.We won't know when we have achieved the Millennium Development Goals unless we have the data to measure progress. Strong statistical systems,based on institutional autonomy,professional integrity,and commitment to high standards, provide the basis for producing credible statistics for informed decisionmaking.That is why we are working with our partners to improve international databases,which provide the data for World Development Indicators,and to strengthen national statistical systems,the ultimate source of the data. Three years ago in Marrakech,Morocco,the Second Roundtable on Managing for Development Results endorsed a new strategy for improving development statistics,the Marrakech Action Plan for Statistics(MAPS).Since then,countries and donor agencies have united behind those joint goals. Much has been accomplished.With support from the Partnership for Statistics in Development in the 21st Century (PARIS21),regional bodies,international agencies,and bilateral donors,88 countries have adopted National Statistical Development Strategies to guide the maturation of their statistical systems.Many are also subscribers to the General Data Dissemination System.Based on these plans,countries and donors have begun to increase their investments in statistics. MAPS also called for actions to improve the quality and availability of data needed in the near term to measure progress on national development plans and the Millennium Development Goals.An Accelerated Data Program,piloted in six African countries,is demonstrating that even existing data sets can yield valuable information. Work on the next round of population and housing censuses has begun.The United Nations Statistics Division has initiated an intergovernmental process to increase support for censuses in developing countries. Along with censuses,surveys are a major source of development statistics.In 2005 the International Household Survey Network was formed to coordinate activities and provide tools for documenting and archiving surveys,thus ensuring that investments in surveys will continue to pay dividends into the future. All of these are important steps in building national and international statistical systems that respond to the demand for evidence to guide development.But more remains to be done,and the need is urgent. The challenges to us-national and international statisticians,donors,data users,and everyone concerned with measuring results-are threefold: How to accelerate investment in statistics. How to produce statistics that meet the needs of users. And how to harmonize donor efforts in support of developing countries as they build their statistical systems. Building statistical systems is a long-term process.So is our commitment.As we plan for the future,we are learning from our experience and realizing the results of past investments. 2007 World Development Indicators

2007 World Development Indicators Preface You can’t monitor development progress without good data. The point may seem obvious, but it bears repeating. What we know about development—successes and failures—depends on the availability and quality of data. Data are the evidence for evidence-based decisionmaking. When we talk about managing for development results, we are talking about using data to plan, implement, guide, and evaluate development programs. We won’t know when we have achieved the Millennium Development Goals unless we have the data to measure progress. Strong statistical systems, based on institutional autonomy, professional integrity, and commitment to high standards, provide the basis for producing credible statistics for informed decisionmaking. That is why we are working with our partners to improve international databases, which provide the data for World Development Indicators, and to strengthen national statistical systems, the ultimate source of the data. Three years ago in Marrakech, Morocco, the Second Roundtable on Managing for Development Results endorsed a new strategy for improving development statistics, the Marrakech Action Plan for Statistics (MAPS). Since then, countries and donor agencies have united behind those joint goals. Much has been accomplished. With support from the Partnership for Statistics in Development in the 21st Century (PARIS21), regional bodies, international agencies, and bilateral donors, 88 countries have adopted National Statistical Development Strategies to guide the maturation of their statistical systems. Many are also subscribers to the General Data Dissemination System. Based on these plans, countries and donors have begun to increase their investments in statistics. MAPS also called for actions to improve the quality and availability of data needed in the near term to measure progress on national development plans and the Millennium Development Goals. An Accelerated Data Program, piloted in six African countries, is demonstrating that even existing data sets can yield valuable information. Work on the next round of population and housing censuses has begun. The United Nations Statistics Division has initiated an intergovernmental process to increase support for censuses in developing countries. Along with censuses, surveys are a major source of development statistics. In 2005 the International Household Survey Network was formed to coordinate activities and provide tools for documenting and archiving surveys, thus ensuring that investments in surveys will continue to pay dividends into the future. All of these are important steps in building national and international statistical systems that respond to the demand for evidence to guide development. But more remains to be done, and the need is urgent. The challenges to us—national and international statisticians, donors, data users, and everyone concerned with measuring results—are threefold: • How to accelerate investment in statistics. • How to produce statistics that meet the needs of users. • And how to harmonize donor efforts in support of developing countries as they build their statistical systems. Building statistical systems is a long-term process. So is our commitment. As we plan for the future, we are learning from our experience and realizing the results of past investments. WDI07 frontmatter.indd 5 3/25/07 12:17:50 PM

TAB亚OF CONTENTS FRONT Preface Acknowledgments 坊 Partners Users guide 1.WORLD VIEW Introduction 1 Countries with high initial mortality rates progress more slowly 6 Goal,targets,and indicators for the Millennium Development Under-five mortality reduction performance is associated with Goals 12 good growth performance 6 Tables Important synergies between health-and education-related Size of the economy 14 Millennium Development Goals Performance in maternal health and under-five mortality Millennium Development Goals:eradicating poverty and are associated 7 improving lives 18 Best and worst performers in reducing child mortality 7 Millennium Development Goals:protecting our common Most countries are progressing in primary school completion 8 environment 22 4 Millennium Development Goals:overcoming obstacles 26 The number of countries with large gender disparity gaps in 5 school is falling rapidly 8 Women in development 28 1.6 Countries starting from low levels progress faster in primary Key indicators for other economies 32 school completion Text figures,tables,and boxes Countries starting from low levels improve gender parity a Faster growth,less dispersion among developing economies more rapidly in the last decade 2 The worst gender parity performance is associated with poor Growth accelerated in low-and middle-income countries 2 school completion performance 9 Poor developing countries are not systematically catching up The worst performers on school completion were poor with richer ones growth performers 9 Countries that opened up to trade also performed better on growth 2 储 Best and worst primary school completion performers 9 Price inflation dropped in most developing countries in the More than a billion people still lack access to safe drinking water 10 last decade 3 似 Carbon dioxide emissions are mounting and accumulating in The worst growth performers have much higher costs to start the atmosphere 10 a business 3 Access to water improved almost everywhere 10 Best and worst growth performers in annual per capita GDP Growth and water access performance are not growth,1995-2005 3 systematically associated 10 The number of poor people declined,mostly in East Asia and Pacific 4 Growth and carbon content reduction performance are Poverty rates are on the decline in South and East Asia correlated... 11 Inequality has increased in many countries,with or without growth 4 衡 ..But not enough to claim that growth is good for mitigating Changes in income growth and distribution both affect growth in carbon emissions 11 poverty reduction 4 Best and worst water access performers 11 Poverty reduction and per capita income growth performances Developing countries produce slightly less than half the are correlated world's output 17 The worst poverty reduction performers record very poor 1.2a Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goals 1-5 21 income growth 5 13的 Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goals 6-7 25 Best and worst poverty reduction performers 141 Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goal 8 27 Under-five mortality rates have improved almost everywhere The proportion of births attended by skilled staff increased greatly in many countries viⅷI 2007 World Development Indicators

viii 2007 World Development Indicators table of contents front Preface v Acknowledgments vii Partners xii Users guide xx 1. world view Introduction 1 Goal, targets, and indicators for the Millennium Development Goals 12 Tables 1.1 Size of the economy 14 1.2 Millennium Development Goals: eradicating poverty and improving lives 18 1.3 Millennium Development Goals: protecting our common environment 22 1.4 Millennium Development Goals: overcoming obstacles 26 1.5 Women in development 28 1.6 Key indicators for other economies 32 Text figures, tables, and boxes 1a Faster growth, less dispersion among developing economies in the last decade 2 1b Growth accelerated in low- and middle-income countries 2 1c Poor developing countries are not systematically catching up with richer ones 2 1d Countries that opened up to trade also performed better on growth 2 1e Price inflation dropped in most developing countries in the last decade 3 1f The worst growth performers have much higher costs to start a business 3 1g Best and worst growth performers in annual per capita GDP growth, 1995–2005 3 1h The number of poor people declined, mostly in East Asia and Pacific 4 1i Poverty rates are on the decline in South and East Asia 4 1j Inequality has increased in many countries, with or without growth 4 1k Changes in income growth and distribution both affect poverty reduction 4 1l Poverty reduction and per capita income growth performances are correlated 5 1m The worst poverty reduction performers record very poor income growth 5 1n Best and worst poverty reduction performers 5 1o Under-five mortality rates have improved almost everywhere 6 1p The proportion of births attended by skilled staff increased greatly in many countries 6 1q Countries with high initial mortality rates progress more slowly 6 1r Under-five mortality reduction performance is associated with good growth performance 6 1s Important synergies between health- and education-related Millennium Development Goals 7 1t Performance in maternal health and under-five mortality are associated 7 1u Best and worst performers in reducing child mortality 7 1v Most countries are progressing in primary school completion 8 1w The number of countries with large gender disparity gaps in school is falling rapidly 8 1x Countries starting from low levels progress faster in primary school completion 8 1y Countries starting from low levels improve gender parity more rapidly 8 1z The worst gender parity performance is associated with poor school completion performance 9 1aa The worst performers on school completion were poor growth performers 9 1bb Best and worst primary school completion performers 9 1cc More than a billion people still lack access to safe drinking water 10 1dd Carbon dioxide emissions are mounting and accumulating in the atmosphere 10 1ee Access to water improved almost everywhere 10 1ff Growth and water access performance are not systematically associated 10 1gg Growth and carbon content reduction performance are correlated . . . 11 1hh . . . But not enough to claim that growth is good for mitigating growth in carbon emissions 11 1ii Best and worst water access performers 11 1.1a Developing countries produce slightly less than half the world’s output 17 1.2a Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goals 1–5 21 1.3a Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goals 6–7 25 1.4a Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goal 8 27 WDI07 frontmatter.indd 8 3/25/07 12:17:51 PM