Chance is important Rule g Chance events play a critical role in ecology.The opening of a gap in a forest canopy or the breaching of a sand dunce after a storm will have a major impact on the ecology of the local fauna and flora, but both are unpredictable in either time or location. The importance of chance events in ecology does not mean ecological patterns are wholly unpredictable, but it necessarily places boundaries on the potential level of predictive detail Rule 10 There boundaries of ecology are in the mind of the ecolog Ecology is a broad science, covering both organisms and physical environments and hence excludes little as potentially relevant Mathematics, chemistry and physics are tools essential to the understanding of ecology
Rule 9 Chance is important. Chance events play a critical role in ecology. The opening of a gap in a forest canopy or the breaching of a sand dunce after a storm will have a major impact on the ecology of the local fauna and flora, but both are unpredictable in either time or location. The importance of chance events in ecology does not mean ecological patterns are wholly unpredictable, but it necessarily places boundaries on the potential level of predictive detail. Rule 10 There boundaries of ecology are in the mind of the ecologist. Ecology is a broad science, covering both organisms and physical environments and hence excludes little as potentially relevant. Mathematics, chemistry and physics are tools essential to the understanding of ecology
BI适应 要点 适合度 适合度是个体生产能存活后代、并能对未来世代有贡 献的能力的指标。个体的相对适合度是有变化的,这 种变化部分决定于个体的遗传区别,部分决定于环境 的影响。 自然选择 种中具有最高适合度的个体将会对未来世代作出特别 高的贡献。如果适合度的差别含有遗传的成分,则后 代的遗传组成会有改变。这个过程称为自然选择或 最适者生存
B1 适 应 适 合 度 适合度是个体生产能存活后代、并能对未来世代有贡 献的能力的指标。个体的相对适合度是有变化的，这 种变化部分决定于个体的遗传区别，部分决定于环境 的影响。 自然选择 种中具有最高适合度的个体将会对未来世代作出特别 高的贡献。如果适合度的差别含有遗传的成分，则后 代的遗传组成会有改变。这个过程称为自然选择或 “最适者生存”。 要 点
B1 ADAPTATION Key Notes Fitness viable offspring and contribute to future generation oduce Fitness is measure of the ability of an individual to pi Individuals vary in their relative fitness and this variation is due partly to genetic differences among individuals and partly to environmental influences The individuals in a species which have the highest fitness will Natural selection contribute disproportionately to the subsequent generations. If fitness differences have a genetic component, then the genetic make-up of the subsequent generations will be altered. This process is known as natural selection or survival of the fittest
B1 ADAPTATION Key Notes Fitness is measure of the ability of an individual to produce viable offspring and contribute to future generations. Individuals vary in their relative fitness, and this variation is due partly to genetic differences among individuals and partly to environmental influences. The individuals in a species which have the highest fitness will contribute disproportionately to the subsequent generations. If fitness differences have a genetic component, then the genetic make-up of the subsequent generations will be altered. This process is known as natural selection or ‘survival of the fittest’. Fitness Natural selection
适应 有机体所具有的有助于生存和生殖的任何可遗传特征 都是适应。适应性特征可以是生理的或行为的。适应 是自然选择的结果。 基因型和表型 基因型是个体的遗传组成。表型是各个有机体,它是 基因型与环境的相互作用的产物。由于环境对基因型 的影响,表型发生变化的能力叫做表型可塑性(如人 的晒黑、风造形的植物、蝗虫的单生或群居型 相关主题 生态学的10个规律(A2) 物种形成(02) 遗传变异(01)
适 应 有机体所具有的有助于生存和生殖的任何可遗传特征 都是适应。适应性特征可以是生理的或行为的。适应 是自然选择的结果。 基因型和表型 基因型是个体的遗传组成。表型是各个有机体，它是 基因型与环境的相互作用的产物。由于环境对基因型 的影响，表型发生变化的能力叫做表型可塑性（如人 的晒黑、风造形的植物、蝗虫的单生或群居型）。 相关主题 生态学的10个规律（A2） 物种形成（02） 遗传变异（01）
Adaptation Any heritable trait possessed by an organism which aid survival or reproduction is an adaptation Such traits may be physiological, morphological or behavioral. Adaptation is the result of natural selection Genotype and The genotype is the genetic composition of an individual The phenotype is the individual organism, a product of the phenotype interaction between its genotype environmental influences on its genotype is known as phenotypic plasticity(e. g human suntan, wind-shaped plants locust morph(solitary or migratory)) Related topics Ten rules in ecology(A2) Speciation(O2) Genetic Variation(O1)
Any heritable trait possessed by an organism which aids survival or reproduction is an adaptation. Such traits may be physiological, morphological or behavioral. Adaptation is the result of natural selection. The genotype is the genetic composition of an individual. The phenotype is the individual organism, a product of the interaction between its genotype environmental influences on its genotype is known as phenotypic plasticity (e.g. human suntan, wind-shaped plants locust morph (solitary or migratory)). Related topics Ten rules in ecology (A2) Speciation (O2) Genetic Variation (O1) Adaptation Genotype and phenotype