A1什么是生态学 要点 生态学的定义生态学是研究有机体与其环境相互作用的科学 “环境”是物理环境(温度、可利用水等入和生物 环境(对有机体的、来自其他有机体的任何影响) 的结合体
A1 什么是生态学 要 点 生态学是研究有机体与其环境相互作用的科学。 “环境”是物理环境（温度、可利用水等）和生物 环境（对有机体的、来自其他有机体的任何影响） 的结合体。 生态学的定义
A1 WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Key Notes a definition of Ecology is the study of the interactions between ecology organisms and their environment. The environment'is a combination of the physical environment(temperature water availability, etc )and any influences on an organism exerted by other organisms-the biotic environment
A1 WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Key Notes A definition of ecology Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. The ‘environment’ is a combination of the physical environment (temperature, water availability, etc.) and any influences on an organism exerted by other organisms-the biotic environment
个休、种群、群 生态学所研究的有4个可辨别尺度的亚部分:(i)探讨 落和生态系统 个体对其环境的反应;(1)研究单个物种的种群对于 环境的反应,和探讨诸如多度( abundance)及其波动 等的过程;(ⅲ)群落(出现在确定面积中的种群集 合)的组成和结构;(ⅳ)生态系统(群落与环境的非 生物成分的结合)内的各种过程,例如能流、食物 网和营养物的循环等
个休、种群、群 落和生态系统 生态学所研究的有4个可辨别尺度的亚部分：(i)探讨 个体对其环境的反应；(ii)研究单个物种的种群对于 环境的反应，和探讨诸如多度(abundance)及其波动 等的过程；（iii）群落（出现在确定面积中的种群集 合）的组成和结构；(iv)生态系统（群落与环境的非 生物成分的结合）内的各种过程，例如能流、食物 网和营养物的循环等
Individuals There are four identifiable subdivisions of scale which populations, ecologists investigate communities and i considering the response of individuals to their ecosystems environments 11) Examining the response of populations of a single species to the environment, and considering processes such as abundance and fluctuations (ii) The composition and structure of communities(the populations occurring in a defined area); (iv )the processes occurring within ecosystems(the combination of a community and the abiotic components of the environment) such as energy flow, food webs and the cycling of nutrients
Individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems There are four identifiable subdivisions of scale which ecologists investigate; (i) considering the response of individuals to their environments; (ii) Examining the response of populations of a single species to the environment,and considering processes such as abundance and fluctuations; (iii) The composition and structure of communities (the populations occurring in a defined area); (iv)the processes occurring within ecosystems (the combination of a community and the abiotic components of the environment), such as energy flow, food webs and the cycling of nutrients
A2生态学的10个规律 要点 这些规律是什么? 生态学的授课实践使得本书作者能够觉察到大学生学 习生态学时常常陷入的某些一般性错误。本目录是为 克服这些错误而设计的,既不全面,也不互相排斥 但是我们希望它将作为有用的指南。 规律1:生态学 生态学是一门纯科学学科,目标是了解有机体与其广 是科学 阔环境的相互关系。分清楚科学观点与生态学知识的 政治和社会影响这一件事是十分重要的
A2 生态学的10个规律 要 点 这些规律是什么？ 生态学的授课实践使得本书作者能够觉察到大学生学 习生态学时常常陷入的某些一般性错误。本目录是为 克服这些错误而设计的，既不全面，也不互相排斥， 但是我们希望它将作为有用的指南。 规律1：生态学 是科学 生态学是一门纯科学学科，目标是了解有机体与其广 阔环境的相互关系。分清楚科学观点与生态学知识的 政治和社会影响这一件事是十分重要的