The privatizing states have become regulatory states The States have deployed public law to exercise some continuing degree of regulatory authority over the privatized activities
6 The privatizing states have become regulatory states The States have deployed public law to exercise some continuing degree of regulatory authority over the privatized activities
The newly-regulating states justify regulation, by the consideration that the previously private activity is "affected with a public Interest and that the private regime would not serve this public interest sufficiently well
7 The newly-regulating states justify regulation, by the consideration: • that the previously private activity is "affected with a public interest" • and that the private regime would not serve this public interest sufficiently well
The resulting system: an hybrid system of markets and regulation In regulatory states", regulatory systems are complex systems, often involving independent regulatory agencies However, regulatory systems have been criticized for being no more efficient and effective than the publicly owned enterprises that preceded them
8 The resulting system: an hybrid system of markets and regulation • In “regulatory states”, regulatory systems are complex systems, often involving independent regulatory agencies • However, regulatory systems have been criticized, for being no more efficient and effective than the publicly owned enterprises that preceded them
The regulatory space: under continuous redefinition both in Europe and worldwide Globalization have substantially modified the markets the regulatory goals the efficiency of the various regulatory devices
9 The regulatory space: under continuous redefinition, both in Europe and worldwide Globalization have substantially modified: • the markets • the regulatory goals • the efficiency of the various regulatory devices
The emergence of new regulatory forms in the european union and in the united States Multiplication of regulation levels Global regulation and european union regulation The Increase of Private regulation and self-regulation The Increased regulatory Function of Private Law Private Enforcement of regulatory law
10 The emergence of new regulatory forms in the European Union and in the United States ➢Multiplication of Regulation Levels • Global Regulation and European Union Regulation • The Increase of Private Regulation and Self-Regulation • The Increased Regulatory Function of Private Law ➢Private Enforcement of Regulatory Law