Air Pollution- Inorganic Gaseous Pollutants
Air Pollution– Inorganic Gaseous Pollutants
Major inorganic gaseous pollutants Carbon monoxide( Co) · Sulfur dioxide(SO2) Nitrogen Oxide(No, No2)NOX=No+No2 ·Oz0ne(O3)
Major inorganic gaseous pollutants • Carbon monoxide (CO) • Sulfur dioxide (SO2) • Nitrogen Oxide (NO, NO2) NOx=NO+NO2 • Ozone (O3)
HK 1-hour Air Quality objectives for various air pollutants Air AQ AQ US AQ Pollutants ObjectivesObjectives Standards (ug/m3)(ppm) (ppm) Carbon 30000 262 35 mono×ide Sulfur 262 0.306 0.503 dioxide Nitrogen 35 0.159 005b dioxide Ozone 800 0.122 0.12 a:3-hr standard, b, annual arithmetic mean
HK 1-hour Air Quality Objectives for various air pollutants Air Pollutants AQ Objectives (mg/m3) AQ Objectives (ppm) US AQ Standards (ppm) Carbon monoxide 30000 26.2 35 Sulfur dioxide 26.2 0.306 0.50a Nitrogen dioxide 35 0.159 0.05 b Ozone 800 0.122 0.12 a : 3-hr standard, b : annual arithmetic mean
Carbon monoxide: health effect Co enters the blood stream and binds preferentially to hemoglobin, thereby replacing oxygen O-O Fe F O CO F 320 times stronger than hemoglobin-02 binding
Carbon monoxide: Health effect CO enters the blood stream and binds preferentially to hemoglobin, thereby replacing oxygen. Fe O2 CO Fe Fe C-O O-O 320 times stronger than hemoglobin-O2 binding
Carbon monoxide: sources and sinks Sources Such as automobiles Incomplete combustion(internal engine) Biomass burning Methane oxidation Oxidation of non-methane hydrocarbon Decay of plant matter Sink Reaction with OH radical OH+CO→C02+H H·+02+M→HO2:+M Removal by soil microorganism
Carbon monoxide: sources and sinks • Sources – Incomplete combustion (internal engine) – Biomass burning – Methane oxidation – Oxidation of non-methane hydrocarbon – Decay of plant matter • Sink – Reaction with OH radical .OH + CO → CO2 + H. H . + O2 + M → HO2. + M – Removal by soil microorganism Such as automobiles