Particles and clouds
Particles and Clouds
Cloud albedo forcing: Cooling Shortwave Radiation The shortwave ays from the Sun are scattered in a cloud; many of the rays return to space. The resulting"cloud albedo forcing taken by itself, tends to cause a cooling of the Earth
Cloud albedo forcing : Cooling The shortwave rays from the Sun are scattered in a cloud; many of the rays return to space. The resulting "cloud albedo forcing”, taken by itself, tends to cause a cooling of the Earth
Cloud Greenhouse Forcing: Warming Longwave Radiation Longwave radiation EARTH When a cloud absorbs longwave radiation emitted by the earth's surface, the cloud re-emits a portion of the energy to space and a portion back toward the surface. This process is called"cloud greenhouse forcing"and taken by itself, tends to cause a heating or positive forcing" of the earth's climate
Cloud Greenhouse Forcing: Warming Longwave radiation When a cloud absorbs longwave radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, the cloud re-emits a portion of the energy to space and a portion back toward the surface. This process is called "cloud greenhouse forcing" and, taken by itself, tends to cause a heating or "positive forcing" of the Earth's climate
Overall effect of all clouds Cloud albedo forcing> cooling Cloud greenhouse forcing warming The overall effect of all clouds together is that the earth 's surface is cooler than it would be if the atmosphere had no clouds The dominate factor in the global albedo is clouds
Overall effect of all clouds • Cloud albedo forcing → cooling • Cloud greenhouse forcing → warming • The overall effect of all clouds together is that the Earth's surface is cooler than it would be if the atmosphere had no clouds • The dominate factor in the global albedo is clouds
Aerosol: definition Aerosol is a suspension of solid or liquid particles in a gas Atmospheric aerosols consist of small particles of liquid and solid material suspended in the air Bioaerosol: An aerosol of biological origin. (Examples viruses, bacteria, fungi, spores, and pollens. Aerosol sizes are usually measured in the unit of micrometer (um) um =10- m 1 um=104 angstrom(A)
Aerosol: Definition • Aerosol is a suspension of solid or liquid particles in a gas. • Atmospheric aerosols consist of small particles of liquid and solid material suspended in the air. • Bioaerosol: An aerosol of biological origin. (Examples: viruses, bacteria, fungi, spores, and pollens.) • Aerosol sizes are usually measured in the unit of micrometer (mm) – 1 mm = 10–6 m – 1 mm = 104 angstrom (Å)