CO formation from methane oxidation CH4+“OH→CH CH3OO° +No HO2 CO O
CO formation from methane oxidation CH4 + OH CH3 + H2O +O2 C O H H H CH3OO NO2 NO + O2 C H H O + HO2 hv H O + HO2 O2 HO2 CO
CO emission sources in Hong Kong u combustion generation (Industrial aircraft commercial domestic) -marine vessel motor vehicle
CO emission sources in Hong Kong Fuel combustion (Industrial, commercial & domestic) power generation aircraft marine vessel motor vehicle
Carbon monoxide: Atmospheric chemistry CO+OH+O,→CO2+HO HO+NO→NO2+OH no t hy>NO +o O+Q2+M→Q3+M Net: co+20+hv>CO+o The net reaction can be viewed as a catalytic oxidation of CO to co. Net formation of o, occurs
Carbon monoxide: Atmospheric chemistry CO + OH + O2 → CO2 + HO2 . HO2 . + NO → NO2 + OH NO2 + hv → NO + O O + O2 + M → O3 + M Net: CO + 2 O2 + hv → CO2 + O3 The net reaction can be viewed as a catalytic oxidation of CO to CO2 . Net formation of O3 occurs
Carbon monoxide: control strategies on the automobile source Employ a leaner air/fuel mixture(higher air/fuel ratio) Employ catalytic exhaust reactors Excess air is pumped into the exhaust pipe Air-exhaust mixture pass through a catalytic converter to oxidize co to co2 Addition of oxygenates to gasoline Examples of oxygenates: methanol, ethanol, MTBE
Carbon monoxide: control strategies on the automobile source • Employ a leaner air/fuel mixture (higher air/fuel ratio) • Employ catalytic exhaust reactors – Excess air is pumped into the exhaust pipe. – Air-exhaust mixture pass through a catalytic converter to oxidize CO to CO2. • Addition of oxygenates to gasoline – Examples of oxygenates: methanol, ethanol, MTBE