Functional Groups to Learn Nitrogen-Containing Sulfur-Containing Hydrocarbons amine Oxygen-Containing sulfide alkane nitrile C-CEN thiol alcohol alkene 州 nitro alkyne 一CC phenol sulfoxide diene imine ether sulfone arene epoxide Carboxylic Acid thioester Derivatives carboxylic Halogen-Containing ketone acid halide alkyl halide Carboxylic aldehyde acid anhydride 4-8o8-6 aryl halide ester carboxylic acid amide
Hydrocarbons 04写 alkane 烷烃-c-g Oxygen-Containing alcohol C-OH alkene 烯烃 akn炔烃 -CEC- phenol o dien Carboxylic Acid 二烯烃 ether Derivatives arene 芳香烃 carboxylic epoxide 脂环烃 A acid halide 6-8-x Carboxylic acid anhydride Halogen-Containing ketone 8 卤代烷烃 alkyl halide ester aldehyde 8 1304 卤代芳烃 aryl halide amide carboxylic acid
烷烃 烯烃 炔烃 芳香烃 二烯烃 脂环烃 卤代烷烃 卤代芳烃
0 官能团 样串院 ■含氧化合物 Containing O☒ygen 醇、酚、醚、醛、酮、醌 Alcohols R-OH;Phenols Ar-OH;Ethers R-O-R; Aldehydes,Ketones ,Quinones R(H)C=O,R2 C=O 羧酸、酯、酰胺、酸酐、酰卤 Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives Acid chlorides;Acid Anhydrides;Amides;Esters RCOOH,RCOOR',RCONR'>,RCOX
官能团 含氧化合物 Containing Oxygen 醇、酚、醚、醛、酮、醌 z Alcohols R-OH；Phenols Ar-OH； Ethers R-O-R； z Aldehydes, Ketones ,Quinones R(H)C=O, R2 C=O 羧酸、酯、酰胺、酸酐、酰卤 z Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives z Acid chlorides; Acid Anhydrides; Amides; Esters RCOOH, RCOOR’, RCONR’2, RCOX
Recognition of functional groups Nitrogen-Containing ■ 含氮化合物Contair amine ●胺Amines:RNH2,R 胺 --N 亚胺Imines:-C=NH nitrile ●腈Nitrile:RCN(-CN 腈 硝基Nitro compound ●亚硝基Nitroso comp( 硝基 nitro ●偶氮和重氮化合物一N= ●硝酸酯R-0N02 亚胺 ●亚硝酸酯R-ONO imine
Recognition of functional groups 官能团 含氮化合物 Containing Nitrogen: z 胺 Amines: RNH2, R2NH, R3N, （R4N+X-） z 亚胺 Imines: -C=NH, -C=NR; z 腈 Nitrile: RCN (-CN, cyano group ) z 硝基 Nitro compounds R-NO2 z 亚硝基 Nitroso compounds R-NO z偶氮和重氮化合物 －N=N－，－N三N＋ z硝酸酯 R-ONO2 z亚硝酸酯 R-ONO
≥☑ Sulfur-Contairg sulfide 硫醚 R++X thiol 硫醇 -G-SH sulfoxide 亚砜 砜 sulfone 硫代酯 thioester
官能团 Containing halogen zAlkyl Halides δ+R-X δ- R+ + X- Containing Sulfur z磺酸 －SO3H； z硫醇 Thiols z硫酚 Thiophenol－SH